-
absence of menstruation
amenorrhea
-
painful menstruation
dysmenorrhea
-
scanty menstrual period
oligomenorrhea
-
absence of ovulation
anovulation
-
painful intercourse
dysparenunia
-
abnormal white or yellow vaginal discharge
leukorrhea
-
excessive bleeding at the time of menstruation
menorrhagia
-
bleeding from the uterus at any time other than normal menstruation
metrorrhagia
-
irregular ovulation
oligo-ovulation
-
inflammation of the cervix
cervicitis
-
birth defects that cause abnormal development of an organ or structure
congenital anomalies or irregularities
-
congenital tumor composed of displaced embryonic tissue; typically found in an ovary and usually benign
dermoid cyst
-
displacement of the uterus from its normal position
displacement of uterus
-
abnormal forward bending of the uterus
anteflexion
-
abnormal backward bending of the uterus
retroflexion
-
backward turn of the whole uterus
retroversion
-
condition characterized by migration of portions of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity
endometriosis
-
inflammation of the endometrium
endometritis
-
benign tumor in the uterus composed of smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue
fibroid or fibromyoma or leiomyoma
-
abnormal passage, such as from one hollow organ to another
fistula
-
abnormal opening between the vagina and rectum
rectovaginal fistula
-
abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina
vesicovaginal fistula
-
abnormal development of cervical tissue cells
cervical neoplasia
-
potentially cancerous abnormality of epithelial tissue of the cervix, graded according to the extent of abnormal cell formation
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or cervical dysplasia
-
malignant cell changes of the cervix that are localized, without any spread of adjacent structures
carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the cervix
-
cessation of menstrual periods caused by lack of ovarian hormones
menopause
-
inflammation of one or both ovaries
oophoritis
-
cyst of the uterine tube
parovarian cyst
-
scarring of tissue within the pelvic cavity resulting from endometriosis, infection, or injury
pelvic adhesions
-
inflammation of organs in the pelvic cavity; usually includes the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and endometrium
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
-
relaxation of supportive ligaments of the pelvic organs
pelvic floor relaxation
-
pouching of the bladder into the vagina
cystocele
-
pouching of the rectum into the vagina
rectocele
-
pouching sac of peritoneum between the vagina and the rectum
enterocele
-
pouching of the urethra into the vagina
urehtrocele
-
descent of the uterus down the vaginal canal
prolapse
-
inflammation of a fallopian tube
salpingitis
-
inflammation of the vagina with redness, swelling, and irritation
vaginitis
-
thinning of the vagina, with little or no inflammation, characterized by milk-like discharge and an unpleasant odor
vaginosis
-
malignant tumor of glandular breast tissue
adenocarcinoma of the breast
-
absence of a breast
amastia
-
benign condition of the breast consisting of fibrous and cystic changes that render the tissue more dense
fibrocystic breasts
-
development of mammary glands in the male caused by altered hormone levels
gynecomastia
-
abnormally large breasts
hypermastia or macromastia
-
unusually small breasts
hypomastia or micromastia
-
inflammation of the breast; most commonly occurs in women who are breastfeeding
mastitis
-
presence of more than two breasts
polymastia
-
presence of more than one nipple on a breast
polythelia or supernumerary nipples
-
breaking down or serving of pelvic adhesions
adhesiolysis or adhesiotomy
-
removal of a cone-shaped portion of the cervix
cervical conization
-
suture to repair the vagina
colporrhaphy
-
repair of a cystocele
colporrhaphy anterior repair
-
repair of a rectocele
colporrhaphy posterior repair
-
anterior and posterior repair of cystocele and rectocele
colporrhaphy A&P repair
-
dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium to control bleeding, to obtain tissue for biopsy, or to remove polyps or products of conception
dilation and curettage (D&C)
-
removal of the uterus
hysterectomy
-
removal of the uterus through an incision in the abdomen
abdominal hysterectomy
-
removal of the uterus through the vagina
vaginal hysterectomy
-
removal of the uterus and the cervix
total hysterectomy
-
inspection of the abdominal or pelvic cavity with a laparoscope, which is an endoscope used to examine the abdominal and pelvic regions
laparoscopy
-
surgical procedures within the abdominal or pelvic region using a laparoscope
laparoscopic surgery
-
use of laser to destroy lesion or to dissect or cut tissue; used frequently in gynecology
laser surgery
-
use of electrosurgical or radio waves transformed through a loop-configured electrosurgical device to treat precancerous cervical lesions by simultaneous excisional biopsy and treatment of affected tissue
loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) or large-loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ)
-
excision of fibroid tumors
myomectomy
-
excision of an ovary
oophorectomy
-
excision of an ovarian cyst
ovarian cystectomy
-
excision of a uterine tube
salpingectomy
-
excision of both urine tubes and ovaries
bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
-
incision into a fallopian tube; often performed to remove an ectopic pregnancy
salpingotomy
-
creation of an opening in the fallopian tube to open a blockage
salpingostomy
-
sterilization of a women by cutting and tying the uterine tubes
tubal ligation
-
excision of a breast tumor without removing any other tissue or lymph nodes
lumpectomy
-
removal of a breast
mastectomy
-
removal of an entire breast along with the underlying muscle and axillary lymph nodes left intact
simple mastectomy
-
removal of an entire breast and lymph nodes of the axilla
modified radical mastectomy
-
surgical reconstruction of a breast
mammoplasty
-
reconstruction to enlarge the breast, often by insertion of an implant
augmentation mammoplasty
-
reconstruction to remove excessive breast tissue
reduction mammoplasty
-
elevation of pendulous breast tissue
mastopexy
-
a pregnant woman; followed by a number indicates the number of pregnancies
gravida
-
having never been pregnant
nulligravida
-
first pregnancy
primigravida
-
to bear; a women who has produced one or more viable offspring
para
-
a woman who has not born a child
nullipara
-
-
a woman who has given birth to two or more children
multipara
-
progressive obliteration of the endocervical canal during delivery
cervical effacement
-
expected date for delivery of the baby; normally 280 days or 40 weeks from last menstrual period
estimated date of confinement (EDC) or estimated date of delivery (EDD)
-
presence of meconium in amniotic fluid
meconium staining
-
rupture of the amniotic sac, usually at onset of labor
ruptured membranes
-
large-bodied baby commonly seen in diabetic pregnancies
macrosomia
-
excessive amniotic fluid
polyhydramnios
-
expulsion of the product of conception before the fetus is viable
abortion (AB)
-
miscarriage; naturally occurring expulsion of the products of conception
spontaneous abortion (SAB)
-
spontaneous abortion occurring in three or more consecutive pregnancies
habitual abortion
-
incomplete expulsion of the products of conception
incomplete abortion
-
death of a fetus or embryo within the uterus that is not naturally expelled after death
missed abortion
-
bleeding with the threat of miscarriage
threatened abortion
-
condition preventing normal delivery through the birth canal; either the baby's head is too large or the birth canal is too small
cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)
-
true toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria, edema of the legs and feet, sever headaches, dizziness, convulsion, and coma
eclampsia
-
toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria, edema of the legs and feet, and puffiness of the face, without convulsion or coma
preeclampsia or pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)
-
implantation of the fertilized egg outside the uterine cavity, often in the tube or ovary, or, rarely, in the abdominal cavity
ectopic pregnancy
-
disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with an Rh-positive blood factor and a mother with an Rh-negative blood factor, causing red blood cell destruction in the fetus
erythroblastosis fetalis
-
presence or lack, of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and the fetus, resulting in fetal anemia
Rh factor
-
presence of antigens
Rh positive
-
absence of antigens
Rh negative
-
sever nausea and vomiting in pregnancy that can cause sever dehydration in the mother and fetus
hyperemesis gravidarum
-
fetal aspiration of amniotic fluid containing meconium
meconium aspiration
-
displaced attachment of the placenta in the lower regions of the uterine cavity
placenta previa
-
premature detachment of a normally situated placenta
abruptio placentae
-
surgical delivery of a baby via an incision through the abdomen and into the uterus
cesarean section (C-section)
-
dilation of the cervix and removal of the products of conception; most commonly performed in the second trimester of pregnancy, after a missed abortion
dilation and evacuation (D&E)
-
incision of the perineum of facilitate delivery of a baby
episiotomy
-
introduction of a solution into the amniotic sac; an isotonic solution is most commonly used to relieve fetal distress
amnioinfusion
-
abortion induced by mechanical means or by drugs for medical reasons
therapeutic abortion (TAB)
-
manual method for reversing the position of the fetus, usually done to facilitate delivery
version
-
abdominal manipulation
external version
-
intravaginal manipulation
internal version
-
drug that causes abortion
abortifacient
-
hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that causes myometrial contractions; used to induce labor
oxytocin
-
immunizing agent given to an Rh-negative mother within 72 hours after delivering an Rh-positive baby to suppress the Rh immune response
Rh immune globulin
-
drug used to stop labor contractions
tocolytic agent
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