World War II

• theory of govt. in which a single party or leader controls the economic, social, & cultural lives of its people
• Single-party dictatorship exerting control over all aspects of life
• Strong, charismatic leader often at head of govt.
• State control of the economy
• Use of police, spies, & terror to enforce the will of the state
• Govt. control of the media & use of propaganda to indoctrinate citizens
• Use of schools & youth organizations to spread ideology to children
• Strict censorship of artists, intellectuals, & political rivals w/ dissenting opinions

• “My Struggle”
• Written by Hitler while in prison
• Stated his explanations for the problems facing
• Germany
• His blueprint for world domination

• “My Struggle”
• Written by Hitler while in prison
• Stated his explanations for the problems facing
• Germany
• His blueprint for world domination

• Italy invades Ethiopia - troops sent to border disputes - League of Nations imposes boycotts & other countries condemn their actions
• Germany invades Rhineland - Direct violation of Versailles Treaty - seen as no reason for war - Rome-Berlin Axis
• Japan & China clash - Manchuria annexed - Japan leaves League of Nations - Beijing invaded - Japan wanted to control all of East

• Hegemony - dominance of Europe
• Racial war - eliminated "inferior" races
• Rebuild German military
• Bring all Germans into his empire - Austria & Sudetenland

• Appeasement
• Neville Chamberlain & Edouard Daladier meet w/ Hitler & Mussolini
• Hitler given Sudetenland
• Hitler invades Sudetenland, Mussolini invades Albania (League of Nations has failed)
• Br. & Fr. mobilize & promise to protect Poland if attacked

• agreed not to attack each other
• secretly divide up Poland
• both sides knew this was temporary
• appeasement failed - Hitler invades Poland & sweeps through the country

Br. & Fr. declare war on Germany - WWI begins!

• Lightning Warfare
• air attacks
• tanks
• troops

• German Luftwaffe - air force hoped to "soften the island for invasion"
• Radar used for 1st time
• Germany blockade Britain

• supply war materials to Britain on credit
• considered violation of US war neutrality

FDR & Churchill draft common goals & aims for peace

Very Wilsonian – 14 points

• Japan increasing Asian conquests
• Embargo on Japan – hurts Japan much bc Japan needed oil
• Lend-Lease Program extended to China
• “Peace Mission” to Washington - Stop aiding China - Lift the embargo - US refuses – Japanese diplomats radio Japanese at home that diplomatic mission has failed

Attack on Pearl Harbor

US, USSR, Great Britain, Canada, Australia, France

Germany, Italy, Japan, Thailand, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria

Sweden, Switzerland, Spain, Portugal, Ireland, Turkey, South America

• Battle of El Alamein
• Axis Powers
• Desert Fox gaining territory in North Africa
• Drove out by Bernard Montgomery

• Battle of El Alamein
• Allied Powers
• Stops Gen. Rommel

• turning point in North Africa
• Rommel & Montgomery

• U-Boat Warfare
• US & Br. losing ships faster than they can replace them

• Hitler’s Biggest Mistake
• Surprise attack on Soviets - Russian winter - happened like Napoleon
• Everything goes wrong for the Nazis – almost won, but didn’t

as the Soviets retreat, they destroy everything they left behind

• stripped Jews of German citizenship, jobs, & prosperity
• forced to wear yellow stars of David

Nazis attack Jewish people & property

Hitler wished to unite Europe under one empire w/ all "inferior" races exterminated

• Hitler's destruction to Jewish population in German-occupied areas
• many sent to concentration camps - killed, starved, humiliated, worked to death
• many experiments done to prisoners

head of SS/Schutzstaffel - Nazi Secret Police

• Germany defeated in Africa
• Allies invade Sicily & Italy
• Mussolini removed from power; returns; removed from power; returns, captured, executed
• Italy declares war on Germany, German troops fought the Allies in Italy - occurring same time as D-Day

• D-Day (Operation Overlord)
• Allied Invasion of Normandy
• Largest fleet ever assembled
• Hitler was expecting an invasion from further north

• Germany's last major offensive
• Largest land battle of WWII
• not successful for us at 1st bc harsh winter

• VJ Day - Victory in Europe
• Allies enter Germany - total destruction of Germany
• Churchill nervous about Stalin's post-war intentions

• Allies surround Japan - Japan won't surrender
• Pres. Truman ordered atomic bombss dropped on Hiroshima, then Nagasaki
• Gen. MacArthur accepted Japanese terms of surrender
• Emperor allowed to stay but no longer has power; must renounce his divinity

strategy of conquering only certain Pacific islands that were important to the allied advance toward Japan