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Which are the 3 main factors that affect
dynamic demography?
births ,deaths, migrations
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What is dynamic demography useful for?
- dynamic demography concept.
- - it studies changes that happen along time in the size, structure, geographical distribution of human populations -> dynamic evolution -> birth, death, migrationit
- - is useful for health planning and defining priorities in public health
- - includes: birth, birth rate, syntehtical fecundity index, reproduction rate
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Birth rate concept
- number of
- children born alive during 1 year / total population the 1st of july x 1000
- (raw birth rate)
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Definition
of “born alive”
- - born alive includes all conception products that once outside the mother's body, can
- breath or show any other vital sign (heart beat, movements of voluntary
- muscles) independently of the duration of pregnancy
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Birth rate per continents
- per 1000vinhabitants:
- africa:36,2
- asia: 19,0
- america: 17,6
- oceania:16,7
- europe: 10,3
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Fecundity
rate concept
- number of
- born alive during 1 year / women from 15-49 years old at 1st july x 1000
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General
fecundity rate and specific fecundity rate
general fecundity rate: includes born alive from all women 15-49 years old specifity
- fecundity rate: it only includes born alive from mothers on a specific age
- group
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Synthetical fecundity index
- represents
- teh average number of children had by women on fertile age
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Raw reproduction rate and net
reproduction rate
raw reproduction rate: average number of daughters per fertile woman net
- reproduction rate: average number of daughters per fertile woman if women
- would fulfill specific fecundity rate by age and specific mortality rate
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Factors
affecting birth rate
- •Biological: age of woman, breast feeding
- •Social: marriages, size of families
- •Economical: unemployment, women in professional life, economical recession.
- •Cultural
- •Religious
- •Small houses
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Definition of death
- definitive
- cease of vital functions after birth
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Definition
of mortality and raw mortality rate
- mortality: number of people died in a year
- raw
mortality rate: number of people died in one year / total population x 1000
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Children
mortality rate
- number of
- children under one year old died during one year / total of born alive in one
- year x 1000
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Motherhood
mortality rate
- number of
- women died at childbirth during one year / total number of births in one year x
- 1000
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Raw
mortality rate and specific mortality rate
raw mortality rate: number of people died in one year / total population x 1000
- specific mortality rate:
- per age:
- number of people died of a determined age / total population of that age x 1000
- per sex:
- number of people died of a determined sex / total population of that sex x 1000
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Swaroop
index (!)
- number of
- people died 50 years old or older / total number of died people x 1000
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Data of
Spanish dynamic demography
- -Raw birth rate: 10,96 (per 1000 inhab)
- -General fecundity rate: 43 (per 1000)(Born alive per 1000 women 15-49 years old)
- -Number of children per woman: 1,38
- -Average age at first childbirth: 29,3 years
- -Raw mortality rate: 8,43 (per 1000 inhab.)
- -Children mortality rate: 3,53 (per 1000 born alive)
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Migratory shifts concept
- = Displacement of people causing a change in their usual residence
- Classification criteria:
- – Duration
- – Distance
- – Causes
- – Political reasons ( refugees )
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Types of
migratory shifts: usual and real
- Usual Migratory shifts:
- They are of a short duration and do not involve a change in residence
- ( weekends, holidays)
- e.g. when you go out at the weekend and then come back again
- Real Migratory shifts:
- Displacements of population
- involving a change in usual residence. They can have a medium, large or
- definitive duration.
- e.g. when you move to another place to live there
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Index of migratory shift:
Migration balance
- = immigrants - emigrants / total
- population x 1000
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Index of migratory shift: Growth
rate
- = born alive + immigrants -
- (died+emigrants) / total population x 1000
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Main
consequences of immigration
- • Population has increased in 5.655.880 inhab. ( from 1998 - 2010)
- • Increase in birth rate
- • Average age of immigrants (between 25 and 35 years old) has rejuvenated the country.
- If immigration is excessive this produces
- an unbalance on population:
- • Unbalance between the size of population and the structure
- • Resources: the larger the population the more resources needed for
- investment
- • Economic disturbs
- • Incidence on the health level ( the same resources have to be
- distributed among more people )
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