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schizophrenia
separation between though, emotion, and behavior in a single personality
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Positive Schizophrenic Symptoms
traits that are abnormally present in psychosis -
hallucinations, delusions, irrational beliefs, feelings of grandeur, paranoia
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Negative Schizophrenic Symptoms:
affective flattening -
anhedonia -
avolition -
traits abnormally absent in psychosis
affective flattening - person's face is immobile ad unresponsive; emotional repression
anhedonia - which a person feels no pleasure
avolition - inability to initiate or engage in goal-directed activites
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Neuromorphological Factors of Schizophrenia:
Lateral and Third Ventricles -
Brain Tissue Volume -
Synaptic Pruning -
Lateral and Third Ventricles - nearly 2x as large compared to normal brain
Brain Tissue Volume - reduced grey matter (corpus colosum, frontal temporal lobes, cerbellum, hippocampus, mesolymbic area
Synaptic Pruning - weak unused synapses are pruned out and strong ones grow stronger; exaggerated too many connections are pruned
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What is the Dopamine Hypothesis?
Schizophrenia and other psychoses result from excessive dopamine activity in the brain
too much dopamine in the mesolymbic pathrway; too little in mesocortical
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What is the Glutomate Hypothesis?
glutomate is underactive; too mch at NDMA receptors, too little at AMPA receptors
genetic factors predispose individual to glutomate hyperactivity, specifically at the NDMA receptor -- man of the genes contributed to the development of schizophrenia
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Tardivedyskinesia symptoms
facial ticks, twitching in muscles, lip smacking, tongue flicking
permanent, irreversible
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EPS effects:
about __ - __% of __ receptors must be occupied in the basal ganglia to produce EPS
dulled facial expression,rigid limbs, slowing in movements, loss of coordination
60-80%
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What are Typical Antipsychotics?
high affinity for what receptors?
side effects?
block d1 and d2
high affinity for d2 and 5-HT2A
side effects: EPS
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What are Atypical Antipsychotics?
high affinity for what receptors?
side effects?
bind to D2 receptors loosely and have dissociiation constants that are significantly higher than typicals
block D3 and D4, low affinity (bind) for 5TH-2A
side effects: metabolism, weight issues
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Aripiprazole (Abilify) - ______ drug
__ receptor ____ antagonist
______ rather than ____ dopamine activity at ___, __, and ____ receptors
____ and ____ activation where dopamine is ____
3rd generation
DA; partial
modulates; blocks; D2; D3; D4
binding to; increasing; too high
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Pharmacokinetics:
Administration?
Absorption?
Typical half life =
A-typical half life =
Competitive with other drugs at _____
administration: orally, intramuscular
absorption: first pass metabolism, binds to fats and proteins in blood; slow release, slow excretion
- typical half life = 28 days
- a-typical half life = 2-4 days
competitive with other drugs at cp450
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Peripheral Effects of Typical Anti-psychotics
movement disorders, oversensitivity to sunlight, weight gain, changes in HR, dry mouth, impaired vision, dizziness, increased triglycerides and cholesterol, constipation, jaundice, increased risk of seizure, sedation
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Peripheral Effects of A-Typical Anti-Psychotics
weight gain, increased risk of diabetes, increased triglycerides, dry mouth, dizziness, nausea, cataracts, sedation, sleep apnea
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Peripheral Effects of 3rd Gen
do not effect REM sleep, high TI
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Subjective Effects
NO PLEASANT EFFECTS
feelings of tiredness, slower and confused thinking, difficulty concentrating, clumsiness, anxiety irritability, internally awake but not externally tired
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Effects on Performance
cognitive deficits related to sedating effects; tolerance can be built
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Harmful Effects (reproductive system)
fertility issues, decreased libido, impaired performance, lactation leakage, abnormal menstrual cycles
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Therapeutic Effects
blocks nausea, helps with motion sickness,
- treats:
- hiccups, monoamine induced psychosis, irritability in autistic children
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