physio final

At standard conditions of temperature and pressure (STP),

Movement of air into and out of a human lung is an example of

Which of the following statements regarding oxygen in a solution becoming bound to hemoglobin is true?

Which of the following statements regarding the water beetle is true?

During gas diffusion, as the distance between P1 and P2 increases, the

In diffusion, materials tend to move in net fashion from regions of

The respiratory gas(es) is (are)

In oxygen transport to the mitochondria, diffusion occurs from the

If the percentage of oxygen in air at sea level is 20.95%, what is the percentage of oxygen in air at the top of Mount Everest?

Consider two gas mixtures at the same temperature. If the concentration of CO2 in Mixture A is 10 mmol/L and the concentration of CO2 in Mixture B is 30 mmol/L, which of the following is true?

If the partial pressures of nitrogen, argon, and CO2 are 0.7808, 0.0093, and 0.0004 atm respectively, in air at 1 atm, what is the partial pressure of the oxygen in this air?

_______ is the law that relates partial pressure and concentration in aqueous solutions.

Which of the following organisms use CO2 during the day?

As a gas mixture or an aqueous solution flows, gas molecules in the gas or liquid are carried from place to place by

Which of the following statements regarding gas diffusion is true?

Which of the following O2 partial pressure values would you expect to find in the ambient air (AA), arterial blood (AB), and systemic capillary blood (SCB) of an animal?

Oxygen transport in animals occurs by

Gases diffuse in net fashion from areas of relatively high partial pressure to areas of relatively low partial pressure

What is the relationship between temperature and the solubility of gases in aqueous solutions?

Which of the following statements regarding air and water is false?

The gas-exchange system in birds is

In mammals, moving air into the lungs is achieved mainly by

Which of the following uses a tracheal system?

The protective external flap that covers the gills on a fish’s head is called the

Within the molluscs, a lung modified from the mantle cavity to allow respiration of air on land is seen in which group?

A blood sample that has an extremely low partial pressure of CO2 is most likely from a(n)

Which of the following statements regarding mammalian ventilation is false?

The entrance to the insect tracheal system is via

In insects, oxygen moves through the tracheal system by

Carbon dioxide excretion in the bullfrog is

The partial pressure of O2 in the blood leaving the breathing organ depends on the

The bellows action used by birds in breathing is generated by

The major stimulus for increased ventilation in fish is

The maximal possible tidal volume is called the

Which of the following is the best definition of external respiration?

Which of the following animals use positive pressure ventilation?

In mammals, ventilation is modulated by chemosensation of

Which morphology allows for the most efficient gas exchange?

The substance responsible for the prevention of alveolar collapse is

Which animal group tends to have the thinnest gas-exchange membrane?

Which one of the following is not involved in the transport of CO2 from the tissues to the lungs?

The process by which low pH aids in the decreasing affinity of hemoglobin for O2 is called the _______ effect.

During exercise, the body supplies O2 to the muscles by

Compared to oxygenated blood, fully deoxygenated blood has

Which word best describes the mechanism for the steep portion of the oxygen dissociation curve?

A reduction in the amount of O2 bound to Hb at saturation could be the result of the _______ effect.

Bicarbonate created from CO2 in the red blood cell gets into the plasma

Which of the following statements about the four chemical classes of respiratory pigments is true?

The extent of O2-binding site cooperativity is expressed using a mathematical index called the

During chronic exposure to high altitude, increased 2,3-DPG

In people at rest, the approximate O2 saturation of venous blood leaving the tissues is

Which of the following respiratory pigments contains copper at the O2 binding site?

During exercise, squids and octopuses meet their O2 demand by

According to the _______, changes in pH are a means by which ectotherms maintain a constant state of electrical charge on protein molecules.

Which of the following statement about the Bohr effect is false?

Which one of the following has the highest P50?

In general, what is the relationship between primate size and Hb–O2 affinity?

How many molecules of O2 does a molecule of vertebrate blood hemoglobin normally bind?

Which of the following does not affect the properties of the O2 dissociation curve?

Which of the following statements regarding hemoglobin is false?

In a fish that has an air-breathing organ,

When a mammal exercises, oxygen delivery is increased by

Excessive protein in the blood plasma will _______ the loss of fluid through the capillaries.

Which of the following statements about squid is false?

In _______, there is no separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood at the heart.

Which of the following statements about the insect circulatory system is true?

The hearts of vertebrates are myogenic, meaning that

Mean blood pressure in the brain of a standing person _______ the blood pressure at the heart.

The chambers of the teleost fish heart are

Among nonavian reptiles, crocodilians are unique because they

In crustacean circulatory systems, deoxygenated blood from the tissues enters the heart via

Cardiac output is directly proportional to

The QRS complex arises from

Which of the following has the greatest effect on the flow of liquid through a tube?

Which of the following statements comparing the circulatory systems in mammals and birds is true?

In the human heart, oxygenated blood is carried from the lungs to the heart by the

In which of the following vessels is there a lack of pressure pulse?

Flow rate equals the difference in blood pressure between the entry of the vascular system and the exit vessels, divided by

Which vessels of the systemic vascular system have the highest total cross-sectional area?

In a mammal, blood pressure is lowest in the

Which of the following is the deepest diver?

The predicted dive time of a Weddell seal based on calculations of its oxygen stores is likely to be _______ the actual maximal dive times measured in the field.

Which of the following oxygen stores (per kg) in true (phocid) seals, such as the Weddell seal, is significantly larger compared to that of a human?

During a voluntary dive, a Weddell seal’s metabolic rate is _______ that of a resting seal on land.

During forced submergence, harbor seals deplete O2 in their _______, while O2 levels in their _______ remain high.

In freely diving marine mammals, heart rate

Dives by Weddell seals are

The longest dive that can be undertaken without a net accumulation of lactic acid above resting level is called the

Which of the following statements regarding circulation and diving is false?

During a dive, blood pH tends to _______ due to an increase in _______.

An animal’s maximum possible blood store of O2 is calculated by

Metabolic limits on dive duration are determined by all of the following except

Which oxygen storage compartment tends to be the largest in diving mammals?

Because of a regional vasoconstriction during a prolonged dive, the heart responds with a reduction in

Fish removed from water are likely to exhibit

The deepest dives of Weddell seals are at a depth of about _______ m.

What is the primary cause of decompression sickness?

Following a 45-minute dive by a Weddell seal, circulating levels of lactic acid would likely fall to predive levels after about

One the most consistent features of diving species of mammals is that, relative to terrestrial species, they have

In diving mammals, the thorax

Which of the following organs plays the most important role in regulating blood composition?

As the difference in partial pressure increases across two solutions, the rate of evaporation

If ambient osmotic pressure increases, and an animal’s blood osmotic pressure increases at the same rate, the animal is a

When blood cells are submerged in a hypotonic solution they will

If you conduct an experiment in which you submerge shrimp in an environment where the ambient osmotic pressure keeps increasing, the blood osmotic pressure of the shrimp will

An ionic U/P ratio that is less than 1 indicates that the urine

The matching of ionic concentration in the blood plasma to the ionic concentration of the external environment is known as

he salinity of freshwater is less than _______ g/Kg.

Consider two animals with different body temperatures: Animal A has a body temperature of 25°C and animal B has a body temperature of 30°C. Which of the two animals would exhale more water vapor?

Typically, if the interstitial osmolarity is 400 mOsm, then blood osmolarity will be _______ mOsm.

Urine that is hyperosmotic contains a

A person who has 42 Kg in water weight will have a total body weight of _______ Kg.

Refer to the formula below. With regard to terrestrial animals, the rate of evaporation J will increase if the proportionality factor K

A blue crab must molt about ______ times over the course of its life.

Assuming humidity is the only factor that affects evaporation, which of the following animals will have the highest rate of dehydration?

Which of the following ions is the principal solute used to regulate cell-volume in mammals?

When an animal loses water by evaporation, osmotic pressure in the blood

Which of the following compounds does not tend to stabilize enzymes in cells?

The amount of water formed per 1 gram of carbohydrates metabolized is _______ g.

Comparatively speaking, where in the body is water found in the lowest quantity?

Which of the following organisms is most hyposmotic to seawater?

Animals that ascend rivers from the ocean to breed are

If you were to decrease the calcium concentration in a freshwater fish’s environment,

In mitochondria-rich cells of marine teleosts, chloride moves by

Which of the following animals has the highest osmotic U/P ratio?

In adult freshwater teleosts, gas exchange occurs in the

Which of the following organisms has the highest concentration of potassium ions in their plasma?

In freshwater teleosts, blood osmotic pressure is _______ mOsm _______ than the osmotic pressure of freshwater.

Which of the following organelles is most abundant in chloride cells?

If the sodium concentration in a frog’s environment were to decrease to 0.01 mM, sodium intake from the environment wouldc. continue to occur by active transport.

Which of the following structures in crayfish is analogous to the kidney?

In adult freshwater fish, chloride exchange with the environment occurs primarily in the

If the chloride concentration in a frog’s environment were to decrease to 0.01 mM, chloride intake from the environment would

Freshwater animals transport sodium into their body from the environment via

Species that are able to survive within a broad range of ambient salinity are called

In fish, movement of sodium across the gills depends on

In an experiment in which additional aquaporins are inserted onto the pelvic patch membrane of a frog, which of the following is most likely to occur?

The excess protons that fish gills pump into the environment are the product of

Which of the following animals has the lowest weight-specific total rate of evaporative water loss?

NKCCs in the mitochondria-rich cells of marine teleost are located