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a story in which a second meaning is to be read beneath the surface
allegory
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the repetition of one or more initial consonants in a group of words or lines in a poem
alliteration
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a reference to a person, place, or event meant to create an effect or enhance the meaning of an idea
allusion
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a comparison that points out similarities between two dissimilar things
analogy
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a passage that points out several similarities between two unlike things
extended analogy
-
an abstract or ideal conception of a type
archetype
-
a perfectly typical example
archetype
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an original model or form
archetype
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the repetition of two or more vowel sounds in a group of words in prose or poetry
assonance
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a witty or ingenious thought
conceit
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a diverting or highly fanciful idea, often stated in figurative language
conceit
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the suggested or implied meaning of a word or phase
connotation
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the repetition of two or more consonant sounds in a group of words or a unit of speech or writing
consonance
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a method of reasoning by which specific definitions, conclusions, and theorems are drawn from general principles
deductive reasoning
-
the dictionary definition of a word
denotation
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the choice of words in oral and written discourse
diction
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a speaker's or author's authority to express opinions on a subject
ethos
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a mild or less negative usage for a harsh or blunt term
euphemism
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a series of comparisons between two unlike objects
extended metaphor
-
a structure that provides a premise or setting for a narrative or other discourse
frame
-
a term used to describe literary forms
genre
-
-
gross exaggeration for rhetorical effort
hyperbole
-
a method of reasoning in which a number of specific facts or examples are used to make a generalization
inductive reasoning
-
a sentence that follows the customary word order of English sentences. The main idea of the sentence is presented first and is then followed by one or more subordinate clauses.
loose sentence
-
a figure of speech that compares unlike objects
metaphor
-
when characteristics of the same objects are compared
extended metaphor
-
a metaphor referring to a particular person, place, or thing
metaphorical allusion
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a statement or idea that fails to follow logically from the one before
non sequiter
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the use of words whose sounds suggest their meaning
onomatopoeia
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a term consisting of contradictory elements juxtaposed to create a paradoxical effect
oxymoron
-
a statement that seems self-contradictory but is nevertheless true
paradox
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the structure required for expressing two or more grammatical elements of equal rank
parallel structure
-
a sentence that departs from the usual word order of English sentences by expressing its main thought only at the end. The particulars in the sentence are presented before the idea they support.
periodic sentence
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the role or facade that a character assumes or depicts to a reader or other audience
persona
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a figure of speech in which objects and animals are given human characteristics
personification
-
the relation in which a narrator or speaker stands to a subject of discourse
point of view
a matter discussed in the first person has an internal point of view, and an observer uses an external point of view
-
a general term that identifies discourse according to its chief purpose
rhetorical mode
modes include exposition (to explain, analyze, or discuss an idea), argumentation (to prove a point or to persuade), description (to recreate or present with details), and narration (to relate an anecdote or story)
-
a figurative comparison using the words like or as
simile
-
a style of writing in which the author tries to reproduce the random flow of thoughts in the human mind
stream of consciousness
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the manner in which an author uses and arranges words, shapes ideas, forms sentences, and creates a structure to convey ideas
style
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a general term referring to diction, syntax, tone, figurative language, and all other elements that contribute to the "style" or manner of a given piece of discourse
stylistic devices
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the organization of language into meaningful structure
syntax
-
a restrained statement that departs from what could be said
understatement
-
a studied avoidance of emphasis or exaggeration, often to create a particular effect
understatement
-
the real or assumed personality used by a writer or speaker
voice
In grammar, active voice and passive voice refer to the use of verbs. A verb is in the active voice when it expresses an action performed by its subject. A verb is in the passive voice when it expresses an action performed upon its subject or when the subject is the result of the action. Stylistically, the action voice leads to more economical and vigorous writing.
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