Phil Final!

• Determined by the theory of Forms.
• Order has positive aesthetic value: mathematical forms, natural objects, pirctures.
• Greater reality means greater affinity

• The artist's cognitive intent (to deliver knownledge) fails.
• Emotionally the artists magic is dangerously powerful and affects behavior so art must be carefully and strictly censored

• Experiential knowledge - it is vivid, immediate, concrete.
• Conceptual knowledge - it has perspective, objectivity, generality

Autocracy. The philosopher kings return to the cave. The rational class imposes temperance on the producers for their own good.

• Selecting and nurturing the potential rulers
• Controlling the producers via propaganda nd censorship.
• Reason is because each person will find happiness playing the part in the state that their nature suits them for

• The rulers will act as rationally as they think because knowledge is virtue for them.
• If we really know what is right/good we will go for it. When we don't know it is because we are overcome by pain/pleasure/emotion

• The leaders are chosen on irrelevant grounds.
• Ruling is a must be the art of flattery and appealing to people's passions.
• Rhetoric works are the level of opinion/belief, not knowledge

Was developed to answer the sophists' skepticism about reason and morality.

• 1. How can what is one also be many? Isn't that a contradiction?
• 2. If the many are really one thing then how things appear is not reality.
• 3. If the one changes into the many then how can something change/be different and YET remain the same?

Heraclitus, Parmenides, and Socrates

• He took what heraclitus said about the sensible realm that everything is changing.
• He took what Parmenides said about the intelligible realm that nothing ever changes

• Forms are known in thought. 
• Geometrician contemplates triangle not just this triangle.
• A form is a set of universal properties

• Reveals the Form of the GOOD.
• Like the sun illumines visible things the good illumines the various truths.

Dialectic

Separates the higher form vs the lower form

• Starting from bottom:
• Level 1 = Images
• Level 2 = Physical Objects
• Levels 1 and 2 are in lower forms
• Level 3 = Forms of geometry, mathematics, and physical objects
• Level 4 = Forms of Wisdom, Courage, Moderation, Justice

• Starting from the bottom:
• Level 1 = Conjecture - shadows on wall
• Level 2 = Belief - seeing what makes the shadow
• Level 3 = Understanding
• Level 4 = Dialectic

A sophisticated process of question and answer like offering a hypotheses, considering criticisms, and revising to move nearer to the Truth - unconditioned knowledge

Must have been acquired before birth because we know that they exist without anyone tell us.

• The soul must be immortal and reborn in cycles.
• So recollection is learning which is recovering knowledge that was forgotten