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Which area(s) of the vertebral column does the Sympathetic nervous response stimulate?
Thoraco-Lumbar
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Which area(s) of the vertebral column does the Parasympathetic nervous response stimulate?
Cranio-Sacral
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True or False: the Sympathetic (Fight or Flight) nervous response DILATES the eye pupils.
True.
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What effect does the Parasympathetic (Rest and Digest) nervous response have on the bronchi?
CONSTRICTS the bronchi.
Breathing is thus more controlled.
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What happens to the bronchi in a sympathetic response?
Bronchi are DILATED. This ensures high intake of oxygen in a fast-paced breathing response to stress.
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What is the cause of Gullain Barre Syndrome (i.e Neuritis)?
Autoimmune
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Give ONE cause of Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
Genetic (a risk factor)
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Give ONE main cause of Motor Neuron Disease (ALS)
Genetic (risk factor has been found)
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Give one main cause of Alzheimer's Disease
Genetic
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What is one possible cause of Parkinsons Disease?
Genetics
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Give ONE cause of Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
Haemorrhage
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Give ONE cause of meningitis
Bacterial Infection
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Give one common cause of headaches
Caffeine withdrawal
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Give ONE cause of a Migraine
Alcohol
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Give one cause of Epilepsy
Head injury
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‘Sciatica’ is the term given to pain down the
leg caused by irritation of the sciatic nerve.
Give ONE cause.
Injury
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Give 6 symptoms of Parkinson's Disease
- Low voice
- Shuffling Steps
- Jerky Movements
- Muscle Stiffness
- Lack of Movement
- Mask-like Face
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What part of the body does Parkinson's Disease affect?
Neurons in the BRAIN
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What is the allopathic treatment for Parkinson's Disease?
Dopamine Replacement
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Give 6 symptoms of Meningitis
- Petechiae (purple/red spots on skin)
- Photophobia
- Severe Headache
- Vomiting
- Kernig's Sign
- Brudzinski Sign
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Give the allopathic treatment of Meningitis
Antibiotics
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Hydrocephalus is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles
or other cavities of the brain caused by blocked circulation or absorption
of CSF.
Give 6 symptoms.
- Headache
- Neck Pain
- Drowsiness
- Confusion
- Nausea
- Vomiting
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What is the allopathic treatment for Hydrocephalus?
Ventricular Catheter
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Give 6 Symptoms of ICP (Increased intracranial pressure)
- Impaired Eye Movement
- Vomiting
- Nausea
- Headache
- Lethargy
- Seizures
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What is the allopathic treatment of ICP (Increased Intracranial Pressure)?
Intensive Care
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What function does the Hypoglossal cranial nerve have?
Is it sensory or motor?
Cranial Nerve 12 (XII) - The Hypoglossal nerve seves Tongue Movement and Speech.
It has Motor Function
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What function does the Vagus nerve have?
Cranial Nerve 10 (X) - the vagus nerve aids in Swallowing, Taste and Senses from the epiglottis
It is both MOTOR AND SENSORY
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What does the Accessory/Spinal nerve do?
The 11th Nerve (XI).
Assists in Neck and Shoulder muscle movements, Swallowing
It has Motor function.
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The glossopharyngeal nerve assists in.....
Taste, Swallowing, and Tongue Sensations.
It is the 9th Cranial Nerve (IX).
It is BOTH Motor AND Sensory.
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The Vestibulochochlear nerve assists with...
Hearing and Balance.
This is the 8th Nerve (VIII).
It is SENSORY only
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The Facial Nerve is Sensory in function. True or False.
FALSE.
The Facial nerve (7th/VII) is BOTH Motor AND Sensory.
It helps with Taste (sensory) and Facial Expressions (motor)
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The Abducens nerve helps with Eye movements and Proprioception. True or False.
TRUE.
This is the 6th (VI) Nerve.
It holds MOTOR functionality.
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The Trigeminal nerve aids in Facial Sensations and Chewing. True or False.
TRUE.
This is the 5th (V) nerve.
It has BOTH Motor AND Sensory capacity.
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What does the Trochlear nerve do?
It assists in Eye movements and Proprioception.
It is the 4th (IV) cranial nerve.
It has MOTOR function.
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What does the Oculomotor nerve do?
It assists in Eye movements, Eyelid blinking, Proprioception, Pupil Size
It is the 3rd (III) cranial nerve.
It has MOTOR function.
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What does the Optic nerve do?
Aids in VISION.
It is the second (II) cranial nerve.
It is Sensory in function
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What does the Olfactory nerve do?
Governs sense of Smell.
It is the 1st cranial nerve.
It is Sensory in function.
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Give 4 symptoms of a MIGRAINE.
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Incredibly painful head
- Visual disturbances
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What are 2 Differential Diagnosis of MIGRAINES?
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Give 4 signs and symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
- Numbness
- Tingling
- Blurred Vision
- Progressive Paralysis
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Give 2 Differential Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
Sore Eyes
Motor Neuron Disease (ALS)
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What is the definition of Ganglia?
A cluster or group of nerve cell bodies.
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What is depolarisation?
A shift from a resting membrane potential (-70mv) becoming less negative, reaching zero, and becoming more positive.
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What is repolarisation?
The membrane is restored back to its resting potential of -70 mv
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What does the Refractory Period refer to?
- The period of time after repolarisation in
- which a nerve cannot generate
- another action potential because Na+
- and K+ are on the wrong sides of the
- membrane!
- During this period the Na-K pump
- pumps Na+ out and some K+ back into
- the cell to restore the resting potential.
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What is the definition of a Neurotransmitter?
- A neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger (nerve messengers) used to create
- synaptic transmission – transmission of a nerve impulse from one nerve to
- another.
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Give a definition for a Nerve
A bundle of one or more neurons
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