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What protects the eye
- Boney orbital cavity
- eyelids
- eyelashes
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What does it mean when you say "the lid margins approximate completely"?
The eyelids close completely
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Where do the upper lids cover when open
the top of the iris
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What do the lower lids cover while open?
come to the limbus (border between cornea and sclera
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Describe the Tarsal Plates
- upper lateral part of lid
- sebaceous glands
- helps lid margins approximate completely
- secrete lubricant so tears do not overflow
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What are the 2 types of conjunctiva?
- Palpebral- covers inner lids
- bulbar- covers scleral
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How do you describe the conjunctiva when they are healthy?
Clear
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What is the red reflex?
Red light seen when using an opthalmoscope, light is bouncing off of the blood vessels
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Where is the lacrimal Gland?
Superior and lateral to the eye
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Describe the flow of tears
Produced by lacrimal gland > drain into PUNCTUM > down nasolacrimal duct > nose >nasopharynx
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Name the 3 coats surrounding the eye
- Sclera
- Choroid
- Retina (transparent vitrous body)
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What parts of the eye can we see?
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What is the Sclera?
- White of eye
- continuous with the cornea
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Describe the cornea
- helps bend light toward retina
- sensitive to touch
- Corneal Reflex
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Describe the Choroid
- Vascular
- Dark, light does not reflect off of it
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What is CN VII
reaction to touch sent to brain
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What is the purpose of the iris?
to contract/dilate pupils with muscles
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Describe the pupil
- Should be round and regular
- Parasympathetic-Constricts (CN III)
- Sympathetic- Dilates
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Describe the lens
- biconvex disk
- bends to keep light focused on retina
- Bulges for near objects
- Thins for far away objects
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Anterior Chamber
- posterior to cornea, anterior to iris/lens
- has aqueous humor
- delivers nutrients and drains metabolic waste
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Intraoccular Pressure
Amount of aqueous humor and resistance to outflow of humor from eye
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What is Glaucoma?
Build up of intraoccular pressure
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Describe the retina
- visual receptive area
- where vision is converted into nerve impulses
- Optic disk, retinal vessels, macula
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What can you see with an Opthalmoscope?
- Optic Disk
- Retinal Vessels
- Background
- Macula
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Describe the optic disk
- fibers of retina converge to form optic nerve (CN II)
- on nasal side of retina
- Color from yellow/orange to pink
- round/oval
- distinct outline on the temporal side
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What is the physiological cup?
Middle of optic disk where blood vessels and veins enter/exit
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What are the Retina vessels?
- 4 pairs of arteries/veins
- thicker towards physiological cup
- Arteries are brighter red and narrower than veins, arterial light reflex
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Describe the macula
- on temporal side
- darker in color than rest of background
- Has fovea Centralis-sharpest part of vision
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What is the fovea centralis?
the sharpest part of vision
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What is Conjugate movement of the eye?
The eyes moving together
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