botany test 1

study of plants

how many plants are used by humans?
 
2k
3k
10k
4k

how many plants are domesticated?

200
500
300
100

humans depend on how many plants?
1000
10,000
15
20

two reasons plants are important?

How plants provide the 3 great necessities of life.

How plants change the environment for which they live and make it suitable for other organisms?  defnition of what?

Plant parts: 
list the 5

Groups of organisms:  groups

Plants vs. animals characteristics:

pigment (chlorophyll) in plants, autotrophic [make own food], non-mobile, plant movement is due to loss of water,]no nervous system, ell division is restricted to regions called meristems- are located where there is new growth, cell walls made of cellulose.

Scientific names have two parts :

Revised the binomial system of describing things. . Example: Magnolia grandiflora, homo sapiens

Reason to come up with system ?

Species is used to identify a one of a kind and to explain a ___________________.

What are the rank of catergories of animals?

kingdom, phylum, order, class, genus, family, species

species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom

phylum, kingdom, order, class, family, genus, species

Terms in latin possibly on test: 
alba

Terms in latin possibly on test: 

nigra

Terms in latin possibly on test: 

lutea

Terms in latin possibly on test: 

virdis

Terms in latin possibly on test: 

rubra

Terms in latin possibly on test: 

minor

Terms in latin possibly on test: 

vulgaris

Terms in latin possibly on test:

maritimus

Terms in latin possibly on test: 

esculentus

Terms in latin possibly on test: 

palutris

Terms in latin possibly on test: 

arvensis

Terms in latin possibly on test: 

silverestris

Terms in latin possibly on test: 

arboreus

[smallest living things on planet often considered to be the earliest life forms to occur on planet, have a primitive cell structure, prokaryotic, no sexual reproduction]

are considered the major agents of decomposition on planet.

these three belong to the protista:

t / f

slime-molds[fungi] are:

These are all single celled colonial organisms. Eukaryotic cell structure. 
Many are aquatic in nature 
Play a major role in food chain 
Bulk of plankton in water 
Bottom of food chain

Can meet criteria for being aliens on this planet ?

Study of fungi

fungi lack this?  ________

what is the term meaning to ingest other organisms?

Body of fungi is mycelium made of tiny filaments called ___________.

fungi have cell walls composed of ____________.

the 2 broad classes or catergories of fungi:

Aspergillus 
Parasite
Yeast 
Saprophyte

name 2 good fungus:

microbiologist growing bacteria found penicillin?

found in king tut's tomb and killed the first discoverers. Common in bird populations. Used in wines and cheeses.

is one of the few fungi that does not have mycelium?

hint:  consumes sugar and gives off co2 and ethyl alcohol.

made from fungus in medieval times people believed they were made from _______.  hence the name _____________   ________

organism composed of fungus and alga [test question]

[test question] One of earliest sources of natural dyes was subjecting lichens to ________.

Plant kingdom has 2 broad categories:

what category of plant does this:

Absorb water through capillary action [paper towel effect] 

Non-vascular [bryophyte] 
Vascular [tracheophyte]

First plants to come into a disturbed habitat. Their growth provides for other plant growth. 

Non-vascular [bryophyte] 
Vascular [tracheophyte]

Reproduce by spore 

Non-vascular [bryophyte] 
Vascular [tracheophyte]

Moss- peat moss [decayed remains of living moss called sphagnum] - creates a high acidic nature. bacteria and fungi do not thrive in this environment. 

Non-vascular [briophyte] 
Vascular [tracheophyte]

Specialized cells that conducts operations 

Vascular [tracheophyte] 
Non-vascular [bryophyte]

Has Xylem & Phloem ?

Vascular [tracheophyte] 
Non-vascular [bryophyte]

Xylem conducts _______ upward & is a:


water or food
Vascular [tracheophyte] 
Non-vascular [bryophyte]

Phloem conducts ______ downward & is a : 

water or food


Non-vascular [bryophyte]
Vascular [tracheophyte]

scientific name for seed plant?

[pteridophyte] 
[spermatophyte] 
[tracheophyte] 
[bryophyte]

Reproductive [seed] 
Embryo, stored food, seed coat 
Reproduction occurs on parent 

what am I?

scientific name for fern?

pteridophyte
spermatophyte
tracheophyte
bryophyte

i reproduce by reproductive [spore] 
single cell 
reproduction occurs away from parent 

what am i?

scientific name for cone bearing plants ?

pteridophyte
spermatophyte
Gymnosperm

Means naked seed exposed on a scale of the plant ?

the 3 groups of gymnosperms?

these trees belong to gynosperms or angiosperms?

Pine 
Cypress 
Fir 
Spruce 
Cedar 
Juniper 
Red woods

[test question] Most prosperous in Jurassic period , Oldest living seed plants , 200 mil years ago, Leaves, stems, & roots are filled with powerful neurotoxin

Sexes are separate on separate plants ?

[test question]

[test question] Both sexes on one plant

Have largest swimming sperm cells of any organism on the planet ?

Cycad 
Gingko 
Conifers

Only group that show the process of reproduction. 
Living fossils by botanist 
Secondary leaf is used not for food but for reproduction 

Conifers 
Gingko 
Cycad

Only known by cultivation, not nature. 
Revered as a sacred tree by monks in central china. 
Ginkgo
Conifers 
cycad

have swimming sperm cells Widely planted in US as ornamental trees for fall colors, & is dioecious 

Conifers 
Cycad 
Gingko

are a major source of lumber for building. 

Gingko 
Cycad 
Conifers

Both sexes on one plant [monoeciuos plant] 
Will produce seed cones and pollen cones [pollen are male] 

Conifers 
Gingko 
cycad

commonly referred to as Naval stores. King of England chose this tree as a royal tree. Could not cut it down. what type is it as well?

[test question]bald cypress is a ________

flowering plants ?

Angiosperm 
Gymnosperm

[test question] Worldwide success is due to flowers, fruits, and seeds 
250k species There's both in this class Herbaceous plants to woody trees. 

angiosperms
gymnosperms

[test question] Means it will live for 2 growing seasons?

perennial 
Annual 
Biennial

Amorphphalus titanium means?

[test question] A mature ovary with seeds is a  _____.

Complete flower contains all the parts name the parts: 9 parts 
female reproductive parts has 3 of them

has both sex organs. Can still be an incomplete flower 

Staminante 
Pistilate 
Perfect flower 
Imperfect flower

only has one sex organ always incomplete. 
Perfect flower 
Imperfect flower
Staminante 
Pistilate

only female parts

only male parts [know all this for test]

Angiosperms classes

Cot is _______vhich is the stored food within a seed, [know for test]

Flowering parts in 3's or multiples of 3's 
Leaves with parallel veins 
Fibrous roots [ roots are generally the same length] 
Scattered vascular bundles 

Monocots or Dicots

2 cotyledon 
Flowering parts in 4's or 5's 
Leaves with netted veins 
Primary root system [one main root with smaller roots coming off of it] 
Vascular tissue in rings around the stem 
Both herbaceous & woody 

Dicots or  Monocots

the study of tree rings

________ire classified by: 
Dry or succulent [fleshy have a lot of water in them] at maturity 
Simple- one ovary 
Compound - many ovary that will combine 
plans to release the seeds inside.

split open and spit out seeds [beans] How the fruit plans to release the seeds inside?

Dry fruits that split open on 2 opposite sides :

legume
Follicle
Schizocarp 
Capsule

splits on 1 side only :

Schizocarp  
Capsule  
legume 
Follicle

splits on 3 or more sides, [okra] :

Capsule- 
legume 
Follicle- 
Schizocarp -

splits with circle opening at top of fruit, [brazil nuts] :

Schizocarp - 
legume- 
Follicle- 
Capsule-

has no plan for releasing seed, [coconut]

a large dry fruit with a hard pericarp :

Caryopsis 
Achene- 
Nut-

small dry fruit with a thin pericarp, seed falls freely out [sunflower seeds] :

Caryopsis or grain 
Nut- 
Achene-

pericarp is hard and it is completely fused to the seed so that it cannot be separated from ovary wall, [corn] :

Achene - 
Caryopsis or grain- 
Nut-

[know for test] The ovary wall is called ____
Endocarp - 
Mesocarp - 
Exocarp 
pericarp

[test questions] [peach] fleshy fruit with a hard stone like endocarp:

Pepo- 
Hesperidium - 
Drupe - 
Berry-

[orange] fleshly fruit where the endocarp is divisible into sections and the exocarp is leathery. Exclusive to citrus family :

Pepo- 
Berry- 
Drupe 
Hesperidium -

[watermelon] succulent fruit with hard outer covering and succulent moist inside that is not divisible. :

Berry 
Pepo 
Hesperidium

[grape or tomato or blueberry] all three layers is soft:

Hesperidium 
Berry

more than one ovary 

compound or simple?

Fruit with many ovaries within one flower [blackberry] 

Aggregate 
Multiple

Fruit with many ovaries from many flowers [pineapple] 

Aggregate 
Multiple