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jwhughes
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Name 12 main cardiac drug classes
- ARBs
- Ace Inhibitor
- HMG CoA reductase inhibitors
- Diuretics
- Vasodilator
- Anti-dysrhythmic
- Cardiac glycosides
- Beta blocker
- Alpha blocker
- Alpha 2 Agonist
- Adrenergic Agonist
- CCB
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Name a drug from the ARBs class
Losartan
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Name a drug from the Ace Inhibitor class
Captopril
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Name 4 types of Diuretics and a drug for each
- Thiazide - Hydrochlorothiazide
- K+ sparing - Spiranolactone
- Osmotic - Mannitol
- High Ceiling loop - Furosemide
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Name 2 drugs from the vasodilator class
- Nitroprusside
- Nitroglycerin
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Name a drug from the anti-dysrhythmic class
Procainamide
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Name a drug from the beta blocker class
Propranolol (OLOL)
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Name a drug that blocks Beta 1 specifically
Dobutamine
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Name a drug that blocks beta 2 specifically
Albuterol
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What drug should not be used for patients with asthma that is a beta blocker and what alternative drug should be given
- Propranolol-NOOOO
- Metoprolol
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Name the suffix of the drugs in the Alpha blocker class
ZOSIN
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Name 2 drugs that are Alpha 2 agonists
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Name the HMG-Reductase inhibitor drug suffix
STATINS
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Name 3 CCB
- Nifidipine
- Verapamil
- Diltiazem
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Name four common side effects of High-ceiling loop diuretics?
- Ototoxicity
- Dehydration & Hypotension
- HypoNA/HypoCl/HypoK
- Hyperglycemia/Hyperuricemia
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Name 3 common side effects of Thiazide diuretics
- Dehydration
- Hypokalemia
- Hyperglycemia
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Name THE MAIN side effect of Spiranolactone
Hyperkalemia
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Name 3 common side effects/risks of osmotic diuretics
- HF/pulmonary edema
- Kidney failure
- Fluid/electrolyte imbalance
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Name a rare side effect of Captopril that can be deadly
neutropenia
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Name 4 common side effects of ACE inhibitors
- DRY COUGH
- First-dose orthostatic hypotension
- Hyperkalemia
- Angioedema
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MAIN SIDE EFFECT OF ACE INHIBITORS
Dry, hacking cough
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MAIN 2 SIDE EFFECTS OF HIGH CEILING LOOP DIURETICS THAT IS NOT FOUND IN THIAZIDE DIURETICS
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MAIN side effect of ARBs
Angioedema
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Name 3 common side effects of Nifedipine
- Reflex Tachycardia
- Peripheral edema
- Acute toxicity
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Name 2 common side effects of Verapamil and Diltiazem
- Constipation
- widened QRS, prolonged QT interval
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Name 3 side effects of Alpha 2 Agonists
- Drowsiness
- Dry mouth
- Rebound HTN
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Name 2 common side effects of vasodilators
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Name 4 common side effects of cardiac glycosides and what is the first sign of toxicity
- Dysrhythmias
- Cardiotoxicity > bradycardia
- GI: ANOREXIA FIRST SYMPTOM, n/v, abd pain
- CNS: vision changes, fatigue, weakness
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Name the 3 main side effects of Na+ channel blockers used for dysrhythmias
- LUPUS
- Neutro/thrombopenia
- Widened QRS, increased QT, prolonged PR
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Name the drug used that falls in the potassium channel blocker class
Amiodarone
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What are the MAIN 2 side effects of Amiodarone
- Pulmonary toxicity
- Sinus bradycardia/heart block (HF)
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Name common side effects of Adenosine
- Sinus bradycardia
- Dyspnea
- FLUSHING OF FACE
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Name common side effects of HMG CoA reductase inhibitors
- INCREASED AST (hepatotoxic)
- Myopathy (muscle aches)
- Peripheral neuropathy
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Niacin side effects
- Facial flushing
- GI upset
- Hyperuricemia/glycemia
- Hepatotoxic
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What time should you instruct the patient to take their diuretics
between 8 am - 12 pm. Avoid later in the day to prevent nocturia
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What foods do you instruct patients to avoid while taking spironolactone
foods high in potassium
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When administering mannitol, what type of needle and tubing would you use and why
FILTERS to prevent microscopic crystals
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What would you give a patient who has angioedema
epinephrine
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What do you give a patient with reflex tachycardia?
Beta blocker
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What drink should a patient avoid when on CCB
grapefruit juice
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How should verapamil be administered?
IV, slowly over 2-3 min
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What electrolyte imbalance can occur with digoxin toxicity
hypokalemia
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Name 5 steps when responding to digoxin toxicity
- STOP digoxin & K+ sparing meds
- Monitor K+, administer if necessary
- Phenytoin or lidocaine for dysrhythmias
- Atropine for bradycardia
- Excessive: Digibind
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Signs of Digoxin toxicity
ANOREXIA, weakness, vision, GI
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What is the MOA of Dopamine and what will be different if its a high dose
Renal BV dilation, Increased HR/contractility, & rate of conduction through AV node
AT HIGHER DOSES, RENAL BLOOD VESSELS CONSTRICT NOT DILATE (HF or shock)
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How should dopamine be administered and what should be monitored
- IV continuously (PUMP)
- Titrate dose based on respeonse
- Decreased kidney perfusion, ECG, chest pain
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What is nitroglycerin contraindicated in
Traumatic head injury due to ICP
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How should nitroglycerin tablets be stored
in a DARK, cool place
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What would you educate a patient on about how to use nitroglycerin patches
- Remove patch at night
- Be medication free for 10-12 hrs/day
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What baseline tests should be done before taking Amiodarone
Pulmonary function and x ray
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What is the therapeutic level of digoxin
Therapeutic: 0.5-2.0
(HF: 0.5-0.8)
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What are the main labs needing to be monitored for a patient on statins
AST, CK, cholesterol
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How would you educate the patient to take Niacin
- With food
- Take Aspirin 30 min prior
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What would be administered for a patient with increased uric acid levels
Allopurinol
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What are signs of hypokalemia
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What medication can reduce the effect of diuretics due to the decrease of blood flow to the kidneys
NSAIDS
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What do you educate the client to do when taking thiazide diuretics
take with food
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What electrolyte imbalance can be a side effect of ACE inhibitors
Hyperkalemia
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What is the major difference between ARBs and ACE inhibitors
ARBs does not cause a cough or hyperkalemia
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What CCB can increase the risk of digoxin toxicity
Verapamil or diltiazem
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When can you instruct the patient to take Alpha adrenergic blockers to decrease first dose hypotension effect
at night
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What are 3 side effects of nitroprusside
- Excessive hypotension
- CYANIDE poisoning
- thiocyanate toxicity
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What are symptoms of cyanide poisoning as a result of taking nitroprusside
HA, drowsiness (can lead to cardiac arrest)
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What do you educate the patient to do diet wise when taking verapamil
increase fiber and fluids
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What are signs of thiocyanate poisoning
CNS (delirium, psychosis)
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What should the level of thiocyanate be
<10 mg/dL
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What do you monitor for a patient on dopamine
- dysrhytmias
- change in HR
- Angina
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What organ and gland can become dysfunctional when on amiodarone
liver and thyroid
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What is one sign of toxicity from amiodarone?
lung damage after medication is stopped
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What IV medication should a nurse give to a patient with severe hypotension following verapamil
calcium gluconate
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4 common side effects of verapamil
- bradycardia
- hypotension
- HF
- constipation
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What two organs need to have periodic tests to ensure there is no impairment when a client is on verapamil
kidney and liver
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When is the best time to take statins
night
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