Biology Test 1

In what way(s) is the science of biology influencing and changing our culture?
A) by helping us understand the relevance of evolution to human health
B) by revealing how mutations in genes can lead to disease
C) by providing new t

What is biology?

Which of the following is not a property of life?
A) Populations of organisms rarely change over time.
B) Living things exhibit complex but ordered organization.
C) Organisms take in energy and use it to perform all of life's activities.
D) Organisms reproduce their own kind.

What are the two main processes that ecosystems depend upon?
A) speciation and evolution
B) nutrient recycling and energy flow
C) climate change and ice caps melting
D) DNA mutation and organism survival

Which of the following is not recycled but is lost from ecosystems?
A) nitrogen
B) energy
C) magnesium
D) carbon

Which of the following is a producer?
A) oak tree
B) earthworm
C) sun
D) cat

7) Humans are ______.
A) producers
B) producers and consumers
C) consumers
D) producers and decomposers

Which of the following is not recycled but is lost from ecosystems?
A) nitrogen
B) energy
C) magnesium
D) carbon

Relative to prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells are usually ______.
A) larger and more complex
B) smaller and simpler
C) larger and equally complex
D) smaller and more complex

Humans are composed of ______ cells.
A) bacterial
B) eukaryotic
C) plant
D) prokaryotic

What name is given to the functional compartments of a cell?
A) genomes
B) nuclei
C) genes
D) organelles

The DNA of a eukaryotic cell is found within the ______.
A) archaea
B) nucleus
C) prokaryotic cell
D) insulin

What are eukaryotic genes composed of?
A) RNA
B) organelles
C) RNA and DNA
D) DNA

What is a gene?
A) a type of eukaryotic cell
B) an organelle that houses DNA
C) a type of prokaryotic cell
D) a unit of inheritance

Taxonomy is the ______.
A) study of cells
B) naming and classifying of species
C) study of organisms and their interaction with the environment
D) study of genes

How does taxonomy assist biologists?
A) by providing easily remembered scientific names for organisms
B) by categorizing diverse items into smaller and smaller numbers of groups
C) by reducing life to its smallest common denominator, the cell
D) all of the above

Which domain(s) consist(s) of prokaryotic cells?
A) Bacteria only
B) Eukarya only
C) Archaea and Eukarya
D) Bacteria and Archaea

Which kingdom of Eukarya consists primarily of unicellular organisms?
A) Plantae
B) Bacteria
C) Fungi
D) Protista

A newly discovered multicellular organism obtains food by digesting dead organisms. Such an
organism is most likely a member of the kingdom ______.
A) Plantae
B) Fungi
C) Protista
D) Animalia

Members of the kingdom Plantae differ from members of the other kingdoms of Eukarya in that
most members of the kingdom Plantae ______.
A) are decomposers
B) are unicellular
C) are consumers
D) produce their own food

The branch of biology that explains both the diversity and the unity of life is ______.
A) evolution
B) microbiology
C) taxonomy
D) genetics

Which of these is most closely associated with Darwin?
A) energy flow
B) ecosystem structure
C) the three domains of life
D) natural selection

Science is ______.
A) the inquiry-based effort to describe and explain nature
B) the search for truth
C) an organized set of principles for how to ethically and morally behave
D) all of the above

What is the difference between discovery science and hypothesis-driven science?
A) Discovery science "discovers" new knowledge, whereas hypothesis-driven science does not.
B) Discovery science is based on deductive reasoning, whereas hypothesis-driven science is
based on inductive reasoning.
C) Discovery science is mostly about describing nature, whereas hypothesis-driven science tries
to explain nature.
D) Discovery science involves predictions about outcomes, whereas hypothesis-driven science
involves tentative answers to specific questions.

Discovery science is primarily based on ______.
A) hypothesis testing
B) deduction
C) experimentation
D) observation

A hypothesis is a(n) ______.
A) tentative answer to a question
B) guess
C) observation
D) theory

Which of the following are the proper components of the scientific method?
A) experiment, conclusion, application
B) question, observation, experiment, analysis, prediction
C) observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, results, conclusion
D) observation, question, opinion, conclusion, hypothesis

In a scientific experiment, the control group ______.
A) serves as a basis of comparison with the experimental group
B) is subjected to the factor whose effect is being tested
C) allows for the simultaneous testing of multiple variables
D) is required for the validity of discovery science

How do hypotheses differ from theories?
A) Theories are more comprehensive than hypotheses.
B) Theories must be testable; hypotheses do not need to be testable.
C) Hypotheses are educated guesses, and theories are tentative explanations.
D) Hypotheses are derived from experimentation, whereas theories are derived from observation.

______ is an example of an element.
A) Water
B) Carbon
C) Glucose
D) Salt

The four most common elements found in living things are
A) nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and carbon.
B) carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen.
C) carbon, oxygen, potassium, and calcium.
D) oxygen, calcium, hydrogen, and carbon

Which of the following elements, essential to life, is a trace element?
A) phosphorus
B) carbon
C) iodine
D) calcium

An atom with a positive charge has ______.
A) more protons than electrons
B) more electrons than protons
C) more neutrons than protons
D) more protons than neutrons

An atom's ______ are found in its nucleus.
A) neutrons and protons
B) protons only
C) neutrons and electrons
D) electrons, protons, and neutrons

Beryllium's atomic mass is 9 and its atomic number is 4. How many neutrons are found in a beryllium
atom?
A) 9
B) 13
C) 4
D) 5

Isotopes of an element have the same number of ______ and different numbers of ______.
A) protons... neutrons
B) protons... electrons
C) neutrons... protons
D) electrons... protons

How do radioactive isotopes differ from isotopes?
A) Radioactive isotopes have more neutrons than do isotopes.
B) Radioactive isotopes are stable; isotopes are unstable.
C) Radioactive isotopes have fewer neutrons than do isotopes.
D) Radioactive isotopes are unstable; isotopes are stable.

The second electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of ______ electron(s).
A) 1
B) 2
C) 6
D) 8

Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7; therefore, it has ______ electrons in its outermost electron
shell.
A) 10
B) 18
C) 5
D) 2

An atom with an electrical charge is a(n) ______.
A) isotope
B) molecule
C) ion
D) compound

The bond between oppositely charged ions is a(n) ______ bond.
A) ionic
B) polar
C) hydrogen
D) covalent

In the following reaction, what type of bond is holding the two atoms together?
K + Cl → K+ + Cl- → KCl
A) hydrophilic
B) ionic
C) hydrophobic
D) covalent

What name is given to bonds that involve the sharing of electrons?
A) covalent
B) hydrogen
C) ionic
D) polar

The hydrogens and oxygen of a water molecule are held together by ______ bonds.
A) electron
B) hydrogen
C) covalent
D) osmotic

Why is water considered a polar molecule?
A) The oxygen is found between the two hydrogens.
B) The oxygen atom attracts the hydrogen atoms.
C) The oxygen end of the molecule has a slight negative charge, and the hydrogen end has a
slight positive charge.
D) Both hydrogens are at one end of the molecule, and oxygen is at the other end.

Adjacent water molecules are joined by ______ bonds.
A) covalent only
B) ionic
C) polar and covalent
D) hydrogen

Adjacent water molecules are connected by the ______.
A) sharing of electrons between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another
water molecule
B) electrical attraction between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another
water molecule
C) sharing of electrons between adjacent oxygen molecules
D) electrical attraction between the hydrogens of adjacent water molecules

How many oxygen atoms are in the products of the following reaction?
C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 12 H2O
A) 18
B) 6
C) 12
D) 24

What are the reactant(s) in the following chemical reaction?
C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 12 H2O
A) CO2 and H2O
B) C6H12O6, H2O, and O2
C) O2 only
D) C6H12O6, H2O, O2, CO2, and H2O

Human body cells are approximately ______ water.
A) 95—99%
B) 25—35%
C) 50—55%
D) 70—95%

The tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together is called ______.
A) bonding
B) cohesion
C) polarity
D) adhesion

Why (if you are careful) are you able to float a needle on the surface of water?
A) Water has adhesive properties.
B) The surface tension that is a result of water's cohesive properties makes this possible.
C) The covalent bonds that hold a water molecule together are responsible for this ability.
D) A single needle is less dense than water.

Sweating cools your body by ______.
A) cohesion
B) radiation
C) evaporative cooling

As water freezes, ______.
A) its molecules move farther apart
B) it cools the surrounding environment
C) its hydrogen bonds break apart
D) it loses its polarity

Sugar dissolves when stirred into water. The sugar is the ______, the water is the ______, and the
sweetened water is the ______.
A) solution... solvent... solute
B) solute... solvent... solution
C) solvent... solute... solution
D) solution... solute... solvent

Which of the following is an acid?
A) NaOH
B) NaCl
C) HCl
D) CH4

The lower the pH of a solution, the ______.
A) greater the number of oxygen atoms
B) more acidic the solution
C) less toxic the solution
D) higher the OH— concentration

What name is given to substances that resist changes in pH?
A) buffers
B) sugars
C) salts
D) bases

A single carbon atom can form a maximum of ______ covalent bond(s).
A) none; carbon only participates in ionic bonds
B) 1
C) 2
D) 4

The following molecule is best described as a ______.
CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2
A) protein
B) carbohydrate
C) hydrocarbon
D) lipid

______ is a hydroxyl group.
A) —NH2
B) —OH
C) —COOH
D) —H

What name is given to the following reaction?
galactose + glucose → lactose + water
A) hydrolysis
B) hydrogenation
C) glycolysis
D) dehydration reaction

What name is given to the following reaction?
sucrose + water → glucose + fructose
A) glucogenesis
B) hydrolysis
C) denaturation
D) dehydration reaction

Carbohydrates typically include ______.
A) an NH2 group
B) C, H, and O atoms
C) a hydrocarbon chain
D) a PO4 group

Complete the equation:
monosaccharide + monosaccharide → ______ + water
A) disaccharide
B) polypeptide
C) polysaccharide
D) fat

In the following equation, lactose is a ______.
galactose + glucose → lactose + water
A) nucleic acid
B) fatty acid
C) disaccharide
D) dipeptide

Table sugar is ______.
A) glucose, a monosaccharide
B) glucose, a disaccharide
C) sucrose, a monosaccharide
D) sucrose, a dissaccharide

Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?
A) glucose
B) starch
C) maltose
D) sucrose

Animals store carbohydrates as ______.
A) cellulose
B) glycogen
C) starch
D) maltose

Cellulose is an example of ______.
A) a polypeptide
B) a steroid
C) a polysaccharide fiber
D) a fat

Which of the following is hydrophilic?
A) cellulose
B) testosterone
C) butter
D) cholesterol

Sometimes when I have my morning coffee, which I drink black with no sugar, I notice a thin film
floating on top of the coffee. Since I have just read Chapter 3 of the text, I now realize the nature of this
substance and so I run to my friend screaming, "Look at this ______ in my coffee!"
A) hydrophilic substance
B) hydrophobic substance
C) glucose
D) nucleotide

A glycerol with three fatty acids attached is referred to as a ______.
A) prostaglandin
B) nucleic acid
C) steroid
D) fat

What name is given to the following reaction?
glycerol + 3 fatty acids → triglyceride + 3 water molecules
A) denaturation
B) hydrolysis
C) hydrogenation
D) dehydration reaction

Saturated fats are saturated with ______.
A) carbon
B) nitrogen
C) hydrogen
D) oxygen

By definition, what type of fatty acid has double bonds?
A) steroid
B) triglyceride
C) unsaturated
D) saturated

Which of the following is a health effect of a diet high in saturated fats?
A) increased blood flow
B) decreased risk of atherosclerosis
C) increased risk of heart attack
D) decreased risk of stroke

______ is a steroid.
A) Butter
B) Sucrose
C) Amino acid
D) Estrogen

Enzymes are ______.
A) amino acids
B) monosaccharides
C) phospholipids
D) proteins

Proteins are polymers constructed from ______ monomers.
A) hydrocarbon
B) amino acid
C) nucleotide
D) fatty acid

Amino acids include a side group as well as ______.
A) a central carbon, a hydrogen atom, an amino group, and a carboxyl group
B) a central carbon, a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, and a carbonyl group
C) a central hydrogen, a nitrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, and a carbonyl group
D) a central nitrogen, a carbon atom, an amino group, and a carbonyl group

What is the name given to the reaction that breaks peptide bonds?
A) dehydration reaction
B) hydrogenation
C) hydrolysis
D) denaturation

A pleated sheet is an example of protein ______ structure.
A) tertiary
B) quaternary
C) secondary
D) primary

A protein's function is dependent on its ______.
A) pH
B) shape
C) size
D) weight

Destruction of a protein's shape is called ______.
A) hydrolysis
B) denaturation
C) a dehydration reaction
D) hydrogenation

Nucleic acids are polymers of ______ monomers.
A) monosaccharide
B) fatty acid
C) DNA
D) nucleotide

A specific stretch of DNA that programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is a ______.
A) gene
B) protein
C) nucleic acid
D) enzyme

DNA nucleotides include ______.
A) uracil, guanine, adenine, and cytosine
B) thymine, guanine, adenine, and cytosine
C) thymine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine
D) thymine, guanine, adenine, and uracil

Which of the following is true with regard to a DNA molecule?
A) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of guanine, and the amount of thymine is equal
to the amount of cytosine.
B) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of cytosine, and the amount of guanine is equal
to the amount of thymine.
C) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal
to the amount of uracil.
D) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal
to the amount of cytosine.

If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence AGTACTG, what will be the sequence of the
other strand?
A) GACGTCA
B) AGTACTG
C) GTCATGA
D) TCATGAC

How does RNA differ from DNA?
A) RNA is double-stranded; DNA is single-stranded.
B) RNA is a polymer of amino acids; DNA is a polymer of nucleotides.
C) RNA contains uracil; DNA contains thymine.
D) In RNA G pairs with T; in DNA G pairs with C.

Which theory states that all living things are composed of cells?
A) cell theory
B) Hooke's rule
C) evolutionary theory
D) Mendel's law

What type of microscope would be best for studying the detailed structure of the surface of a plasma
membrane?
A) light microscope
B) transmission electron microscope
C) scanning electron microscope
D) both a light microscope and an electron microscope

Which of the following is a feature of prokaryotic cells but not eukaryotic cells?
A) lack of endomembranes
B) cell wall
C) flagella
D) DNA

When using a light microscope to view a cell you obtained from scraping under your fingernails, you
notice that the cell lacks a nucleus; therefore, you conclude that the cell must be a type of ______ cell.
A) plant
B) eukaryotic
C) fungal
D) prokaryotic

One difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells ______ prokaryotic
cells.
A) have DNA, which is lacking in
B) have membrane-enclosed structures called organelles, which are lacking in
C) have a plasma membrane, which is lacking in
D) have a nucleoid region, which is lacking in

In eukaryotic cells, what name is given to the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane?
A) cytoplasm
B) phospholipid bilayer
C) nucleoid
D) chloroplast

You find a cell of a type you have never seen before. The cell has both a nucleus and a cell wall.
Therefore, you conclude that it must be a ______ cell.
A) prokaryotic
B) animal
C) bacterial
D) plant

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?
A) regulate the traffic of chemicals into and out of the cell
B) protein synthesis
C) lipid synthesis
D) all fo the above

_____ are the major lipids of plasma membranes.
A) Steroids
B) Fatty acids
C) Mosaics
D) Phospholipids

When mixed with water, phospholipids spontaneously form membranes because they ______.
A) have hydrophilic phosphate groups that are attracted to water and hydrophobic fatty acid tails
that avoid water
B) have hydrophilic fatty acid tails that are attracted to water and hydrophobic phosphate groups
that avoid water
C) have hydrophilic heads that are attracted to their hydrophobic tails
D) are both fluid and mosaic

The concept of a membrane as a fluid mosaic reflects the ability of ______.
A) phospholipids and most proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane
B) phospholipids but not proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane
C) most proteins but not phospholipids to drift about in the plane of the membrane
D) carbohydrates to drift into and out of the membrane structure

The extracellular matrix of animal cells ______.
A) protect and support cells
B) provide avenues for the exchange of DNA
C) are warehouses for the storage of extra lipids and carbohydrates
D) are primarily sites of dead matter and waste materials

_____ store the information necessary to produce proteins.
A) Lysosomes
B) Genes
C) Ribosomes
D) Carbohydrates

The nuclear envelope is composed of ______.
A) chromatin
B) DNA
C) a double phospholipid membrane
D) carbohydrates

The structural combination of DNA and protein forms ______.
A) nucleoli
B) nucleoplasm
C) chromatin
D) ribosomes

Most human cells contain ______ chromosomes.
A) 36
B) 46
C) 2
D) 23

Which of the following structures manufactures the components of ribosomes?
A) nucleus
B) cytoplasm
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) nucleolus

Some ribosomes are suspended in the cytosol of a cell, whereas other ribosomes _______.
A) make proteins inside the nucleus
B) are found on the plasma membrane
C) are attached to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Where does protein synthesis take place?
A) in the nucleolus
B) on smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) on ribosomes
D) in the nucleus

Information is transferred from the nucleus to ribosomes via ______.
A) mRNA
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) DNA
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The endomembrane system includes ______.
A) ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum
B) Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, ribosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum
D) Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum

A hormone that will be secreted from the cell is manufactured by ribosomes _____.
A) attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
B) attached to the Golgi apparatus
C) attached to the plasma membrane
D) inside the nucleus

Based on its function in detoxifying drugs, you would expect to find a large amount of smooth ER in
______ cells.
A) brain
B) liver
C) intestinal
D) muscle

Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include ______.
A) steroid synthesis, protein synthesis, and drug detoxification
B) lipid synthesis, protein synthesis, and drug detoxification
C) lipid synthesis, steroid synthesis, and drug detoxification
D) lipid synthesis, steroid synthesis, and protein synthesis

What structures move proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus?
A) transport proteins
B) central vacuole
C) transport vesicles
D) nucleolus

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?
A) digestion of organic matter inside the cell
B) protein modification
C) drug detoxification
D) protein synthesis

Which of the following parts of a cell is (are) most like the shipping center of a company?
A) the Golgi apparatus
B) mitochondria
C) chloroplasts
D) the nucleolus

Lysosomes are responsible for ______.
A) lipid synthesis
B) cellular respiration
C) digestion of organic matter inside the cell
D) protein synthesis

If a cell's lysosomes burst, the cell would ______.
A) shrivel
B) divide into two cells
C) digest itself
D) need to manufacture more lysosomes

Vacuoles are ______.
A) membranous sacs
B) manufactured by ribosomes
C) composed of microtubules
D) found only in plant cells

In plant cells, ______ may contain organic nutrients, pigments, and poisons.
A) mitochondria
B) chloroplasts
C) lysosomes
D) central vacuoles

Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a ______.
A) cell wall and contractile vacuole
B) cell wall and central vacuole
C) nucleus and cell wall
D) nucleus and contractile vacuole

Similar to the nucleus, chloroplasts and mitochondria are ______.
A) surrounded by two membranes
B) green
C) manufactured by the nucleolus
D) able to synthesize lipids

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B) mitochondrion
C) ribosome
D) chloroplast

Microtubules are associated with ______.
A) cilia
B) flagella
C) cell shape
D) all of the above

What is energy?
A) the capacity to cause movement
B) the capacity to cause change
C) a measure of calories
D) a measure of disorder

An object at rest has no ______ energy, but it may have ______ energy resulting from its location or
structure.
A) kinetic... potential
B) kinetic... conserved
C) potential... kinetic
D) stored... potential

The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed is known as ______.
A) interconversion
B) conservation of energy
C) conservation of heat
D) entropy

A rock on the top of a mountain contains ______ energy.
A) potential
B) no
C) kinetic
D) conserved

You are riding on your bike and stop pedaling, coasting along the road. Eventually, your bike slows
down and stops. What happened to the energy of your motion when your bike stopped?
A) It was returned to the bicycle.
B) It was converted back to chemical energy.
C) It was released as heat.
D) It was used to chemically break down the tires.

Which of the following is a measure of randomness in a system?
A) entropy
B) kinetic energy
C) potential energy
D) chemical energy

Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example, the
sperm are changing ______.
A) chemical energy into kinetic energy
B) chemical energy into potential energy
C) kinetic energy into potential energy
D) kinetic energy into chemical energy

Ten kilocalories are equivalent to ______ calories.
A) 1,000
B) 10,000
C) 0.1
D) 100

What compound directly provides energy for cellular work?
A) C6H12O6
B) ATP
C) DNA
D) fat

Energy is transferred from ATP to other molecules by transferring a(n) ______.
A) adenosine
B) heat unit
C) photon
D) phosphate group

Anything that prevents ATP formation will most likely ______.
A) result in cell death
B) force the cell to rely on lipids for energy
C) force the cell to rely on ADP for energy
D) have no effect on the cell

Usually, enzymes are ______.
A) fats
B) steroids
C) chemical reactions
D) proteins

The sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms is called ______.
A) summation
B) cellular synthesis
C) replication
D) metabolism

Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by ______.
A) increasing the temperature of the substrates
B) contributing electrons to the reaction
C) decreasing activation energy
D) changing the pH of the substrates

Which one of the following is true?
A) Enzymes are the products in a chemical reaction.
B) Enzymes are the reactants in a chemical reaction.
C) Enzymes catalyze specific reactions.
D) An enzyme's function requires inhibitors.

An enzyme's function is dependent on its ______.
A) pH
B) temperature
C) shape
D) size

Which component of the following reaction is the enzyme?
sucrose + sucrase + water → sucrase + glucose + fructose
A) sucrose
B) sucrase
C) glucose
D) fructose

The region of an enzyme to which a substrate binds is called the ______ site.
A) active
B) substrate
C) enzymatic
D) conformational

Which component of the following reaction is the substrate?
sucrose + sucrase + water → sucrase + glucose + fructose
A) sucrose
B) sucrase
C) glucose
D) fructose

Which one of the following is true?
A) An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional shape.
B) Enzymes work generally on a broad range of substrates.
C) Enzymes are used up in chemical reactions.
D) Enzymes emerge changed from the reactions they catalyze.

Substances that block an enzyme's active site are ______.
A) enzyme substrates
B) enzyme inhibitors
C) induced fit factors
D) enzyme products

Diffusion is an example of ______.
A) phagocytosis
B) active transport
C) endocytosis
D) passive transport

Diffusion ______.
A) is the result of the potential energy of atoms
B) requires an input of cellular energy
C) occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they
are more concentrated
D) proceeds until equilibrium is reached

Osmosis can be defined as ______.
A) the diffusion of water
B) the diffusion of nonpolar molecules
C) active transport
D) the diffusion of a solute

A balloon permeable to water but not to glucose contains a 10% glucose solution. A beaker contains
a 5% glucose solution. Which of the following is true?
A) The solution in the beaker is hypertonic relative to the solution in the balloon.
B) The solution in the balloon is isotonic; the solution in the beaker is hypertonic.
C) When placed in the beaker, the balloon will lose water by osmosis.
D) The solution in the balloon is hypertonic relative to the solution in the beaker.

When two solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a selectively
permeable membrane, and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will ______.
A) exhibit a net movement to the side with lower water concentration
B) exhibit a net movement to the side with higher water concentration
C) exhibit a net movement to the side with lower solute concentration
D) exhibit an equal movement in both directions across the membrane

A cell that neither gains nor loses water when it is immersed in a solution is ______.
A) isotonic to its environment
B) hypertonic to its environment
C) hypotonic to its environment
D) metabolically inactive

Some protozoans have special organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate
excess water from the cell. The presence of these organelles tells you that the environment ______.
A) is isotonic to the protozoan
B) is hypotonic to the protozoan
C) is hypertonic to the protozoan
D) contains a higher concentration of solutes than the protozoan

If placed in tap water, an animal cell will undergo lysis, whereas a plant cell will not. What accounts
for this difference?
A) expulsion of water by the plant cell's central vacuole
B) the relative impermeability of the plant cell membrane to water
C) the relative impermeability of the plant cell wall to water
D) the relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall

In a hypotonic solution, a plant cell will ______.
A) undergo plasmolysis
B) become flaccid
C) burst
D) become turgid

Which of the following processes could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell, if the
substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings?
A) active transport
B) facilitated diffusion
C) diffusion
D) osmosis

Active transport ______.
A) uses ATP as an energy source
B) can move solutes against their concentration gradient
C) can involve the transport of ions
D) all of the above

Certain cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into the stomach.
This enzyme is a protein. Which of the following processes could be responsible for its secretion?
A) endocytosis
B) exocytosis
C) phagocytosis
D) passive transport

The act of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is ______.
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A) osmosis
B) diffusion
C) exocytosis
D) phagocytosis

Relaying a message from a receptor protein to a molecule that performs a specific function within a
cell is called ______.
A) signal transduction
B) inhibition
C) self-recognition
D) selective permeability