In what way(s) is the science of biology influencing and changing our culture?
A) by helping us understand the relevance of evolution to human health
B) by revealing how mutations in genes can lead to disease
C) by providing new t
D
What is biology?
the scientific study of life
Which of the following is not a property of life?
A)
What are the two main processes that ecosystems depend upon?
B)
Which of the following is not recycled but is lost from ecosystems?
A)
Which of the following is a producer?
A)
7) Humans are ______.
B)
Which of the following is not recycled but is lost from ecosystems?
D)
Relative to prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells are usually ______.
C)
Humans are composed of ______ cells.
C)
What name is given to the functional compartments of a cell?
A)
The DNA of a eukaryotic cell is found within the ______.
D)
What are eukaryotic genes composed of?
C)
What is a gene?
C)
Taxonomy is the ______.
A)
How does taxonomy assist biologists?
B)
Which domain(s) consist(s) of prokaryotic cells?
D)
Which kingdom of Eukarya consists primarily of unicellular organisms?
B)
A newly discovered multicellular organism obtains food by digesting dead organisms. Such an
organism is most likely a member of the kingdom ______.
A)
Members of the kingdom Plantae differ from members of the other kingdoms of Eukarya in that
most members of the kingdom Plantae ______.
C)
The branch of biology that explains both the diversity and the unity of life is ______.
B)
Which of these is most closely associated with Darwin?
A)
Science is ______.
A)
What is the difference between discovery science and hypothesis-driven science?
A) Discovery science "discovers" new knowledge, whereas hypothesis-driven science does not.
B) Discovery science is based on deductive reasoning, whereas hypothesis-driven science is
based on inductive reasoning.
C) Discovery science is mostly about describing nature, whereas hypothesis-driven science tries
to explain nature.
D) Discovery science involves predictions about outcomes, whereas hypothesis-driven science
involves tentative answers to specific questions.
C
Discovery science is primarily based on ______.
A)
A hypothesis is a(n) ______.
B)
Which of the following are the proper components of the scientific method?
A)
In a scientific experiment, the control group ______.
B)
How do hypotheses differ from theories?
D)
______ is an example of an element.
A)
The four most common elements found in living things are
B)
Which of the following elements, essential to life, is a trace element?
B)
An atom with a positive charge has ______.
C)
An atom's ______ are found in its nucleus.
C)
Beryllium's atomic mass is 9 and its atomic number is 4. How many neutrons are found in a beryllium
atom?
C)
Isotopes of an element have the same number of ______ and different numbers of ______.
A)
How do radioactive isotopes differ from isotopes?
D)
The second electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of ______ electron(s).
C)
Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7; therefore, it has ______ electrons in its outermost electron
shell.
B)
An atom with an electrical charge is a(n) ______.
C)
The bond between oppositely charged ions is a(n) ______ bond.
A)
In the following reaction, what type of bond is holding the two atoms together?
K + Cl → K+ + Cl- → KCl
B)
What name is given to bonds that involve the sharing of electrons?
C)
The hydrogens and oxygen of a water molecule are held together by ______ bonds.
A)
Why is water considered a polar molecule?
slight positive charge.
D) Both hydrogens are at one end of the molecule, and oxygen is at the other end.
A)
Adjacent water molecules are joined by ______ bonds.
A)
Adjacent water molecules are connected by the ______.
A) sharing of electrons between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another
water molecule
B) electrical attraction between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another
water molecule
C) sharing of electrons between adjacent oxygen molecules
D) electrical attraction between the hydrogens of adjacent water molecules
B
How many oxygen atoms are in the products of the following reaction?
C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 12 H2O
D)
What are the reactant(s) in the following chemical reaction?
C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 12 H2O
D)
Human body cells are approximately ______ water.
B)
The tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together is called ______.
D)
Why (if you are careful) are you able to float a needle on the surface of water?
D)
Sweating cools your body by ______.
A)
As water freezes, ______.
C)
Sugar dissolves when stirred into water. The sugar is the ______, the water is the ______, and the
sweetened water is the ______.
D)
Which of the following is an acid?
D)
The lower the pH of a solution, the ______.
B)
What name is given to substances that resist changes in pH?
C)
A single carbon atom can form a maximum of ______ covalent bond(s).
A)
The following molecule is best described as a ______.
CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2
B)
______ is a hydroxyl group.
D) —H
B)
What name is given to the following reaction?
galactose + glucose → lactose + water
D)
What name is given to the following reaction?
sucrose + water → glucose + fructose
D)
Carbohydrates typically include ______.
B)
Complete the equation:
monosaccharide + monosaccharide → ______ + water
B)
In the following equation, lactose is a ______.
galactose + glucose → lactose + water
D)
Table sugar is ______.
C)
Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?
A)
Animals store carbohydrates as ______.
D)
Cellulose is an example of ______.
C)
Which of the following is hydrophilic?
A)
Sometimes when I have my morning coffee, which I drink black with no sugar, I notice a thin film
floating on top of the coffee. Since I have just read Chapter 3 of the text, I now realize the nature of this
substance and so I run to my friend screaming, "Look at this ______ in my coffee!"
C)
A glycerol with three fatty acids attached is referred to as a ______.
D)
What name is given to the following reaction?
glycerol + 3 fatty acids → triglyceride + 3 water molecules
D)
Saturated fats are saturated with ______.
C)
By definition, what type of fatty acid has double bonds?
B)
Which of the following is a health effect of a diet high in saturated fats?
C)
______ is a steroid.
C)
Enzymes are ______.
B)
Proteins are polymers constructed from ______ monomers.
C)
Amino acids include a side group as well as ______.
D)
What is the name given to the reaction that breaks peptide bonds?
C)
A pleated sheet is an example of protein ______ structure.
C)
A protein's function is dependent on its ______.
A)
Destruction of a protein's shape is called ______.
A)
Nucleic acids are polymers of ______ monomers.
B)
A specific stretch of DNA that programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is a ______.
D)
DNA nucleotides include ______.
C)
Which of the following is true with regard to a DNA molecule?
A) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of guanine, and the amount of thymine is equal
to the amount of cytosine.
B) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of cytosine, and the amount of guanine is equal
to the amount of thymine.
C) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal
to the amount of uracil.
D) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal
to the amount of cytosine.
D
If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence AGTACTG, what will be the sequence of the
other strand?
A)
How does RNA differ from DNA?
A)
Which theory states that all living things are composed of cells?
A)
What type of microscope would be best for studying the detailed structure of the surface of a plasma
membrane?
C)
Which of the following is a feature of prokaryotic cells but not eukaryotic cells?
B)
When using a light microscope to view a cell you obtained from scraping under your fingernails, you
notice that the cell lacks a nucleus; therefore, you conclude that the cell must be a type of ______ cell.
B)
One difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells ______ prokaryotic
cells.
B)
In eukaryotic cells, what name is given to the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane?
A)
You find a cell of a type you have never seen before. The cell has both a nucleus and a cell wall.
Therefore, you conclude that it must be a ______ cell.
B)
Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?
A)
_____ are the major lipids of plasma membranes.
A)
When mixed with water, phospholipids spontaneously form membranes because they ______.
A) have hydrophilic phosphate groups that are attracted to water and hydrophobic fatty acid tails
that avoid water
B) have hydrophilic fatty acid tails that are attracted to water and hydrophobic phosphate groups
that avoid water
C) have hydrophilic heads that are attracted to their hydrophobic tails
D) are both fluid and mosaic
A
The concept of a membrane as a fluid mosaic reflects the ability of ______.
D)
The extracellular matrix of animal cells ______.
A)
_____ store the information necessary to produce proteins.
D)
The nuclear envelope is composed of ______.
C)
The structural combination of DNA and protein forms ______.
D)
Most human cells contain ______ chromosomes.
A)
Which of the following structures manufactures the components of ribosomes?
A)
Some ribosomes are suspended in the cytosol of a cell, whereas other ribosomes _______.
D)
Where does protein synthesis take place?
C)
Information is transferred from the nucleus to ribosomes via ______.
B)
The endomembrane system includes ______.
D)
A hormone that will be secreted from the cell is manufactured by ribosomes _____.
A)
Based on its function in detoxifying drugs, you would expect to find a large amount of smooth ER in
______ cells.
C)
Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include ______.
B)
What structures move proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus?
D)
Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?
B)
Which of the following parts of a cell is (are) most like the shipping center of a company?
A)
Lysosomes are responsible for ______.
D)
If a cell's lysosomes burst, the cell would ______.
D)
Vacuoles are ______.
B)
In plant cells, ______ may contain organic nutrients, pigments, and poisons.
D)
Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a ______.
C)
Similar to the nucleus, chloroplasts and mitochondria are ______.
D)
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
A)
Microtubules are associated with ______.
D)
What is energy?
A)
An object at rest has no ______ energy, but it may have ______ energy resulting from its location or
structure.
B)
The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed is known as ______.
A)
A rock on the top of a mountain contains ______ energy.
C)
You are riding on your bike and stop pedaling, coasting along the road. Eventually, your bike slows
down and stops. What happened to the energy of your motion when your bike stopped?
A)
Which of the following is a measure of randomness in a system?
D)
Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example, the
sperm are changing ______.
A)
Ten kilocalories are equivalent to ______ calories.
C)
What compound directly provides energy for cellular work?
C)
Energy is transferred from ATP to other molecules by transferring a(n) ______.
A)
Anything that prevents ATP formation will most likely ______.
B)
Usually, enzymes are ______.
A)
The sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms is called ______.
A)
Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by ______.
D)
Which one of the following is true?
B)
An enzyme's function is dependent on its ______.
A)
Which component of the following reaction is the enzyme?
sucrose + sucrase + water → sucrase + glucose + fructose
A)
The region of an enzyme to which a substrate binds is called the ______ site.
B)
Which component of the following reaction is the substrate?
sucrose + sucrase + water → sucrase + glucose + fructose
B)
Which one of the following is true?
B)
Substances that block an enzyme's active site are ______.
D)
Diffusion is an example of ______.
D)
Diffusion ______.
A) is the result of the potential energy of atoms
B) requires an input of cellular energy
C) occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they
are more concentrated
D) proceeds until equilibrium is reached
D
Osmosis can be defined as ______.
B)
A balloon permeable to water but not to glucose contains a 10% glucose solution. A beaker contains
a 5% glucose solution. Which of the following is true?
A) The solution in the beaker is hypertonic relative to the solution in the balloon.
B) The solution in the balloon is isotonic; the solution in the beaker is hypertonic.
C) When placed in the beaker, the balloon will lose water by osmosis.
D) The solution in the balloon is hypertonic relative to the solution in the beaker.
D
When two solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a selectively
permeable membrane, and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will ______.
A)
A cell that neither gains nor loses water when it is immersed in a solution is ______.
B)
Some protozoans have special organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate
excess water from the cell. The presence of these organelles tells you that the environment ______.
D)
If placed in tap water, an animal cell will undergo lysis, whereas a plant cell will not. What accounts
for this difference?
D)
In a hypotonic solution, a plant cell will ______.
D)
Which of the following processes could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell, if the
substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings?
B)
Active transport ______.
D)
Certain cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into the stomach.
This enzyme is a protein. Which of the following processes could be responsible for its secretion?
