Cardiology

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  1. What organs have resistance in series?
    Liver, kidney, spleen
  2. What organs have resistance in parallel?
    All the rest
  3. What org-:111 has the highest
    A-V02 difference at rest?
    Heart
  4. What organ has the highest A-V02 difference after exercise?
    Muscle
  5. What organ has the highest A-V02 difference
    after meal?
  6. Gut
  7. What organ has the highest A-V02 difference during a test?
    Brain
  8. What organ has the lowest A-V02 difference?
    Kidney
  9. Where does Type A thoracic
     aortic dissection  occur?
    Ascending aorta (occurs in cystic medial necrosis, syphilis)
  10. Where does Type B thoracic aortic dissection occur?
    Descending aorta (occurs in trauma, atherosclerosis)
  11. What layers does a true aortic aneurysm occur?
    lntima, media, and adventitia
  12. What layers does a pseudo aortic aneurysm occur?
    Intima and media
  13. What is pulse pressure?
    Systolic -Diastolic pressure
  14. What vessel has the thickest layer of smooth muscle?
    Aorta
  15. What vessels have the highest capacitance?
    Veins and venules
  16. What is your max heart rate?
    220- age
  17. What is Stable angina?
    Pain with exertion (atherosclerosis)
  18. What is Unstable angina?
    Pain at rest (transient clots)
  19. What is Prinzmetal's angina?
    Intermittent pain (coronary artery spasm)
  20. What is Amyloidosis?
    Stains Congo red, Echo A pple-green birefringence
  21. What is Hemochromatosis?
    Fe deposit in organs => hyperpigmentation, arthritis,DM
  22. What is Cardiac tamponade?
    Pressure equalizes in all 4 chambers, quiet precordium,no pulse or BP, Kussmaul's sign , pulsus paradoxus (1> 10mm Hg BP w / insp)
  23. What is a Transudate?
    • An effusion with mostly water
    •        Too much water:
    • • Heart failure
    • • Renal failure
    •        Not enough protein:
    • • Cirrhosis (can't make protein)
    • • Nephrotic syndrome (pee protein out)
  24. What is an Exudate?
    • An effusion with mostly protein
    • Too much protein:
    • • Purulent (bacteria)
    • • Hemorrhagic (trauma, cancer, PE)
    • • Fibrinous (collagen vascular dz, uremia, TB)
    • • Granulomatous (non-bacterial)
  25. What is Systole?
    Squish heart, DEC blood flow to coronary aa., more extraction of O2 (Phase 1 Korotkoff)
  26. What is Diastole?
    Fill heart, INC blood flow to coronary aa., less extraction of 0 2 (Phase 5 Korotkoff)
  27. What are the only arteries with deoxygenated blood?
    Pulmonary arteries and umbilical arteries
  28. What murmur has a Waterhammer pulse?
    AR
  29. What murmur has Pulsus tardus?
    AS
  30. What cardiomyopathy has Pulsus alternans?
    Dilated cardiomyopathy
  31. What disease has Pulsus bigeminus?
    Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis
  32. What murmur has an irregularly irregular pulse?
    a fib
  33. What murmur has a regularly irregular pulse?
    PVC
  34. What sound radiates to the neck?
    AS
  35. What sound radiates to the axilla?
    MR
  36. What sound radiates to the back?
    PS
  37. What disease has a boot-shaped x-ray?
    Right ventricle hypertrophy
  38. What disease has a banana-shaped x-ray?
    IHSS
  39. What disease has an egg-shaped x-ray?
    Transposition of the great arteries
  40. What disease has a snowman-shaped x-ray?
    Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Rectum
  41. What disease has a "3" shaped x-ray?
    Coarctation of the aorta
  42. What is Osler-Weber-Rendu?
    AVM in lung, gut, CNS=> sequester platelets =>telangiectasias
  43. What is Von Hippel-Lindau?
    AVM in head, retina => renal cell CA risk
  44. When do valves make noise?
    When valves close
  45. What valves make noise during systole?
    Mitral and tricuspid
  46. What murmurs occur during systole?
    Holosystolic, ejection murmur or click
  47. What are the holosystolic murmurs?
    TR, MR, and VSD
  48. What are the systolic ejection murmurs?
    AS, PS, or HCM
  49. What valves make noise during diastole?
    Aortic and pulmonic
  50. What are the diastolic murmurs?
    Blowing and Rumbling
  51. What are the diastolic blowing murmurs?
    AR or PR
  52. What are the diastolic rumbling murmurs?
    TS or IYIS
  53. What are the continuous murmurs?
    PDA or AVMs
  54. What has a friction rub while breathing?
    Pleuritis
  55. What has a friction rub when holding breath?
    Pericarditis
  56. What does a mid-systolic click tell you?
    Mitral valve prolapse
  57. What does an ejection click tell you?
    A/P stenosis
  58. What does an opening snap tell you?
    M/ T stenosis
  59. What does S2 splitting tell you?
    Normal on inspiration (b/c pulmonic valve closes later)
  60. What does wide S2 splitting tell you?
    INC 02, INC RV volume, or delayed pulmonic valve opening
  61. What does fixed wide S2 splitting tell you? ASD
    ASD
  62. What does paradoxical S2 splitting tell you?
    AS (or left bundle branch block)
  63. What is cor pulmonale?
    Pulmonary HTN => RV failure
  64. What is Eisenmenger's?
    Pulmonary HTN => reverse L-R to R- L shunt
  65. What is Transposition of the great arteries?
    Aorticopulmonary septum did not spiral
  66. What is Tetrology of Fallot?
    • • Overriding Aorta: aorta sits on IV septum over the VSD; pushes on PA
    • • Pulmonary Stenosis "Tet spells "
    • • RV hypertrophy => boot-shaped heart
    • • VSD (L to R shunt)
  67. What is Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return?
    All pulmonary veins to RA, snowman x-ray
  68. What is Truncus Arteriosus?
    Spiral membrane not develop => one A/P trunk,mixed blood
  69. What is Ebstein's Anomaly?
    Tricuspid prolapse, Mom's Li increases risk
  70. What can Lithium do to Mom?
    Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
  71. What is Cinchonism?
    Hearing loss, tinnitus, thrombocytopenia
  72. Congenital long QT
    syndrome
    • Inherited disorder of myocardial repolarization,
    • typically due to ion channel defects;inc risk of
    • sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to torsades de
    • pointes.
    • membrane K channel protein mut.
    • Hx of unprovoked syncope in a asymptomatic young person
  73. Congenital long QT
    syndrome includes (name the condition)
    • Romano-Ward syndrome
    • and 
    • Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome
  74. what is Romano-Ward syndrome
    autosomal dominant, pure cardiac phenotype (no deafness).
  75. what is Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome—
    autosomal recessive, sensorineural deafness
  76. Brugada syndrome
     Autosomal dominant disorder most common in Asian males. ECG pattern of pseudo-right bundle branch block and ST elevations in V1-V3. inc. risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD). Prevent SCD with implantable cardioverter-defi brillator (ICD).
  77. nesiritide is for tx of
    • Treats congestive heart failure (CHF) that is getting worse and causing breathing problems.
    • like BNP MOA

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Author:
 Neda317
ID:
 304824
Filename:
 Cardiology
Updated:
 2015-07-24 15:57:21
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