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Neda317
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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What organs have resistance in series?
Liver, kidney, spleen
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What organs have resistance in parallel?
All the rest
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What org-:111 has the highest
A-V02 difference at rest?
Heart
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What organ has the highest A-V02 difference after exercise?
Muscle
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What organ has the highest A-V02 difference
after meal?
-
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What organ has the highest A-V02 difference during a test?
Brain
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What organ has the lowest A-V02 difference?
Kidney
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Where does Type A thoracic
aortic dissection occur?
Ascending aorta (occurs in cystic medial necrosis, syphilis)
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Where does Type B thoracic aortic dissection occur?
Descending aorta (occurs in trauma, atherosclerosis)
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What layers does a true aortic aneurysm occur?
lntima, media, and adventitia
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What layers does a pseudo aortic aneurysm occur?
Intima and media
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What is pulse pressure?
Systolic -Diastolic pressure
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What vessel has the thickest layer of smooth muscle?
Aorta
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What vessels have the highest capacitance?
Veins and venules
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What is your max heart rate?
220- age
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What is Stable angina?
Pain with exertion (atherosclerosis)
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What is Unstable angina?
Pain at rest (transient clots)
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What is Prinzmetal's angina?
Intermittent pain (coronary artery spasm)
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What is Amyloidosis?
Stains Congo red, Echo A pple-green birefringence
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What is Hemochromatosis?
Fe deposit in organs => hyperpigmentation, arthritis,DM
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What is Cardiac tamponade?
Pressure equalizes in all 4 chambers, quiet precordium,no pulse or BP, Kussmaul's sign , pulsus paradoxus (1> 10mm Hg BP w / insp)
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What is a Transudate?
- An effusion with mostly water
- Too much water:
- • Heart failure
- • Renal failure
- Not enough protein:
- • Cirrhosis (can't make protein)
- • Nephrotic syndrome (pee protein out)
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What is an Exudate?
- An effusion with mostly protein
- Too much protein:
- • Purulent (bacteria)
- • Hemorrhagic (trauma, cancer, PE)
- • Fibrinous (collagen vascular dz, uremia, TB)
- • Granulomatous (non-bacterial)
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What is Systole?
Squish heart, DEC blood flow to coronary aa., more extraction of O2 (Phase 1 Korotkoff)
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What is Diastole?
Fill heart, INC blood flow to coronary aa., less extraction of 0 2 (Phase 5 Korotkoff)
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What are the only arteries with deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary arteries and umbilical arteries
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What murmur has a Waterhammer pulse?
AR
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What murmur has Pulsus tardus?
AS
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What cardiomyopathy has Pulsus alternans?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
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What disease has Pulsus bigeminus?
Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis
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What murmur has an irregularly irregular pulse?
a fib
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What murmur has a regularly irregular pulse?
PVC
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What sound radiates to the neck?
AS
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What sound radiates to the axilla?
MR
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What sound radiates to the back?
PS
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What disease has a boot-shaped x-ray?
Right ventricle hypertrophy
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What disease has a banana-shaped x-ray?
IHSS
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What disease has an egg-shaped x-ray?
Transposition of the great arteries
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What disease has a snowman-shaped x-ray?
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Rectum
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What disease has a "3" shaped x-ray?
Coarctation of the aorta
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What is Osler-Weber-Rendu?
AVM in lung, gut, CNS=> sequester platelets =>telangiectasias
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What is Von Hippel-Lindau?
AVM in head, retina => renal cell CA risk
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When do valves make noise?
When valves close
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What valves make noise during systole?
Mitral and tricuspid
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What murmurs occur during systole?
Holosystolic, ejection murmur or click
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What are the holosystolic murmurs?
TR, MR, and VSD
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What are the systolic ejection murmurs?
AS, PS, or HCM
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What valves make noise during diastole?
Aortic and pulmonic
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What are the diastolic murmurs?
Blowing and Rumbling
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What are the diastolic blowing murmurs?
AR or PR
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What are the diastolic rumbling murmurs?
TS or IYIS
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What are the continuous murmurs?
PDA or AVMs
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What has a friction rub while breathing?
Pleuritis
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What has a friction rub when holding breath?
Pericarditis
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What does a mid-systolic click tell you?
Mitral valve prolapse
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What does an ejection click tell you?
A/P stenosis
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What does an opening snap tell you?
M/ T stenosis
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What does S2 splitting tell you?
Normal on inspiration (b/c pulmonic valve closes later)
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What does wide S2 splitting tell you?
INC 02, INC RV volume, or delayed pulmonic valve opening
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What does fixed wide S2 splitting tell you? ASD
ASD
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What does paradoxical S2 splitting tell you?
AS (or left bundle branch block)
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What is cor pulmonale?
Pulmonary HTN => RV failure
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What is Eisenmenger's?
Pulmonary HTN => reverse L-R to R- L shunt
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What is Transposition of the great arteries?
Aorticopulmonary septum did not spiral
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What is Tetrology of Fallot?
- • Overriding Aorta: aorta sits on IV septum over the VSD; pushes on PA
- • Pulmonary Stenosis "Tet spells "
- • RV hypertrophy => boot-shaped heart
- • VSD (L to R shunt)
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What is Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return?
All pulmonary veins to RA, snowman x-ray
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What is Truncus Arteriosus?
Spiral membrane not develop => one A/P trunk,mixed blood
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What is Ebstein's Anomaly?
Tricuspid prolapse, Mom's Li increases risk
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What can Lithium do to Mom?
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
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What is Cinchonism?
Hearing loss, tinnitus, thrombocytopenia
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Congenital long QT
syndrome
- Inherited disorder of myocardial repolarization,
- typically due to ion channel defects;inc risk of
- sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to torsades de
- pointes.
- membrane K channel protein mut.
- Hx of unprovoked syncope in a asymptomatic young person
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Congenital long QT
syndrome includes (name the condition)
- Romano-Ward syndrome
- and
- Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome
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what is Romano-Ward syndrome
autosomal dominant, pure cardiac phenotype (no deafness).
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what is Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome—
autosomal recessive, sensorineural deafness
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Brugada syndrome
Autosomal dominant disorder most common in Asian males. ECG pattern of pseudo-right bundle branch block and ST elevations in V1-V3. inc. risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD). Prevent SCD with implantable cardioverter-defi brillator (ICD).
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nesiritide is for tx of
- Treats congestive heart failure (CHF) that is getting worse and causing breathing problems.
- like BNP MOA
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