-
What organs have resistance in series?
Liver, kidney, spleen
-
What organs have resistance in parallel?
All the rest
-
What org-:111 has the highest
A-V02 difference at rest?
Heart
-
What organ has the highest A-V02 difference after exercise?
Muscle
-
What organ has the highest A-V02 difference
after meal?
-
-
What organ has the highest A-V02 difference during a test?
Brain
-
What organ has the lowest A-V02 difference?
Kidney
-
Where does Type A thoracic
aortic dissection occur?
Ascending aorta (occurs in cystic medial necrosis, syphilis)
-
Where does Type B thoracic aortic dissection occur?
Descending aorta (occurs in trauma, atherosclerosis)
-
What layers does a true aortic aneurysm occur?
lntima, media, and adventitia
-
What layers does a pseudo aortic aneurysm occur?
Intima and media
-
What is pulse pressure?
Systolic -Diastolic pressure
-
What vessel has the thickest layer of smooth muscle?
Aorta
-
What vessels have the highest capacitance?
Veins and venules
-
What is your max heart rate?
220- age
-
What is Stable angina?
Pain with exertion (atherosclerosis)
-
What is Unstable angina?
Pain at rest (transient clots)
-
What is Prinzmetal's angina?
Intermittent pain (coronary artery spasm)
-
What is Amyloidosis?
Stains Congo red, Echo A pple-green birefringence
-
What is Hemochromatosis?
Fe deposit in organs => hyperpigmentation, arthritis,DM
-
What is Cardiac tamponade?
Pressure equalizes in all 4 chambers, quiet precordium,no pulse or BP, Kussmaul's sign , pulsus paradoxus (1> 10mm Hg BP w / insp)
-
What is a Transudate?
- An effusion with mostly water
- Too much water:
- • Heart failure
- • Renal failure
- Not enough protein:
- • Cirrhosis (can't make protein)
- • Nephrotic syndrome (pee protein out)
-
What is an Exudate?
- An effusion with mostly protein
- Too much protein:
- • Purulent (bacteria)
- • Hemorrhagic (trauma, cancer, PE)
- • Fibrinous (collagen vascular dz, uremia, TB)
- • Granulomatous (non-bacterial)
-
What is Systole?
Squish heart, DEC blood flow to coronary aa., more extraction of O2 (Phase 1 Korotkoff)
-
What is Diastole?
Fill heart, INC blood flow to coronary aa., less extraction of 0 2 (Phase 5 Korotkoff)
-
What are the only arteries with deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary arteries and umbilical arteries
-
What murmur has a Waterhammer pulse?
AR
-
What murmur has Pulsus tardus?
AS
-
What cardiomyopathy has Pulsus alternans?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
-
What disease has Pulsus bigeminus?
Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis
-
What murmur has an irregularly irregular pulse?
a fib
-
What murmur has a regularly irregular pulse?
PVC
-
What sound radiates to the neck?
AS
-
What sound radiates to the axilla?
MR
-
What sound radiates to the back?
PS
-
What disease has a boot-shaped x-ray?
Right ventricle hypertrophy
-
What disease has a banana-shaped x-ray?
IHSS
-
What disease has an egg-shaped x-ray?
Transposition of the great arteries
-
What disease has a snowman-shaped x-ray?
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Rectum
-
What disease has a "3" shaped x-ray?
Coarctation of the aorta
-
What is Osler-Weber-Rendu?
AVM in lung, gut, CNS=> sequester platelets =>telangiectasias
-
What is Von Hippel-Lindau?
AVM in head, retina => renal cell CA risk
-
When do valves make noise?
When valves close
-
What valves make noise during systole?
Mitral and tricuspid
-
What murmurs occur during systole?
Holosystolic, ejection murmur or click
-
What are the holosystolic murmurs?
TR, MR, and VSD
-
What are the systolic ejection murmurs?
AS, PS, or HCM
-
What valves make noise during diastole?
Aortic and pulmonic
-
What are the diastolic murmurs?
Blowing and Rumbling
-
What are the diastolic blowing murmurs?
AR or PR
-
What are the diastolic rumbling murmurs?
TS or IYIS
-
What are the continuous murmurs?
PDA or AVMs
-
What has a friction rub while breathing?
Pleuritis
-
What has a friction rub when holding breath?
Pericarditis
-
What does a mid-systolic click tell you?
Mitral valve prolapse
-
What does an ejection click tell you?
A/P stenosis
-
What does an opening snap tell you?
M/ T stenosis
-
What does S2 splitting tell you?
Normal on inspiration (b/c pulmonic valve closes later)
-
What does wide S2 splitting tell you?
INC 02, INC RV volume, or delayed pulmonic valve opening
-
What does fixed wide S2 splitting tell you? ASD
ASD
-
What does paradoxical S2 splitting tell you?
AS (or left bundle branch block)
-
What is cor pulmonale?
Pulmonary HTN => RV failure
-
What is Eisenmenger's?
Pulmonary HTN => reverse L-R to R- L shunt
-
What is Transposition of the great arteries?
Aorticopulmonary septum did not spiral
-
What is Tetrology of Fallot?
- • Overriding Aorta: aorta sits on IV septum over the VSD; pushes on PA
- • Pulmonary Stenosis "Tet spells "
- • RV hypertrophy => boot-shaped heart
- • VSD (L to R shunt)
-
What is Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return?
All pulmonary veins to RA, snowman x-ray
-
What is Truncus Arteriosus?
Spiral membrane not develop => one A/P trunk,mixed blood
-
What is Ebstein's Anomaly?
Tricuspid prolapse, Mom's Li increases risk
-
What can Lithium do to Mom?
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
-
What is Cinchonism?
Hearing loss, tinnitus, thrombocytopenia
-
Congenital long QT
syndrome
- Inherited disorder of myocardial repolarization,
- typically due to ion channel defects;inc risk of
- sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to torsades de
- pointes.
- membrane K channel protein mut.
- Hx of unprovoked syncope in a asymptomatic young person
-
Congenital long QT
syndrome includes (name the condition)
- Romano-Ward syndrome
- and
- Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome
-
what is Romano-Ward syndrome
autosomal dominant, pure cardiac phenotype (no deafness).
-
what is Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome—
autosomal recessive, sensorineural deafness
-
Brugada syndrome
Autosomal dominant disorder most common in Asian males. ECG pattern of pseudo-right bundle branch block and ST elevations in V1-V3. inc. risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD). Prevent SCD with implantable cardioverter-defi brillator (ICD).
-
nesiritide is for tx of
- Treats congestive heart failure (CHF) that is getting worse and causing breathing problems.
- like BNP MOA
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