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Operon
A unit of genetic function common in bacteria and phages, consisting of coordinately regulated clusters of genes with related functions.
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Light microscope
An optical instrument with lenses that refract (bend) visible light to magnify images of specimens.
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Organelle
One of several formed bodies with specialized functions, suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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Mutation
A change in the nucleotide sequence in a cell (or virus).
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Guanine
(G), a nitrogenous base of the purine family, found in nucleotides.
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Eukaryotic cell
A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles, present in protists, plants, fungi, and animals; also called eukaryote.
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Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
A microscope that passes an electron beam through very thin sections, primarily used to study the internal ultrastructure of cells.
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Hypothetico-deductive science
Involves making a hypothesis to explain observations and testing the hypothesis by experiment
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Anticodon
A specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.
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Mitosis
A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Mitosis conserves chromosome number by equally allocating replicated chromosomes to each of the daughter nuclei.
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