Agents 6

• Aß sensory, motor, Aδ sensory, and C pain nerve fibers
• All nerves have different rheobase, chronaxie, Strength duration relation
• ----A beta: touch, first to get depolarized
• ----Motor: Thick, polarized
• ----A delta: sharp, localized pain
• ----C: burning, diffuse pain
• Duration set on estim
• Greater the Myelin the easier to depolarize with electricity

Dispersive electors and pinpoint cathode and put on acupuncture points increase beta endorphins

• Volume Of Current In The Tissues
• Highest At Surface And Diminishes In Deeper Tissue
• Amount of current (per sq cm) unit area per electrode surface
• Greater current density in a small electrode is vs a large electrode. So active electrode is the small electrode and dispersive is the large electrode.
• The farther the spread between the electrodes the deeper the dispersion, better the contraction.

both active but the cathode is more active so put over motor pt

• Bipolar
• Monopolar
• quadripolar

• using 4 electrodes
• 2 electrodes in each channel of a 2 channel unit. Electrode circuits can be either arranged in parallel to one another (paraspinal muscles) or crossed in an interference pattern to focus current between the 4 electrodes in the arrangement

• Effects the type of muscle contraction
• Effects the mechanism of pain modulation
• Use twitch to break scar tissue
• Summation is the resting period to allow for repolarization.

A stimulus pulse at a duration-intensity just above threshold will excite the closest and largest fibers (A Beta) : that is why sensory is felt first

• Increasing the intensity of the electrical stimulus causes the current to reach deeper into the tissue
• Gets low threshold fibers close to the skin and high threshold fibers close to the skin and close threshold deep (C and A delta)
• Increase intensity increase touch, muscle contraction and get pain fibers
• full muscle contraction limited by pain

Increasing the intensity or duration will excite smaller fibers and fibers farther away. C,

• Select Negative Polarity For Muscle Contraction
• ----Facilitates Membrane Depolarization

• Attracts – Ions (cations)
• Acidic Reaction
• ----Weak HCO3 under electrode
• Hardening of Tissues
• Decrease Nerve Irritability (compare to cathode)

• Attracts + Ions (anions)
• Alkaline Reaction
• ----Na hydroxide
• Softening of Tissues (Proteins)
• Increased Nerve Irritability