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Strength: Duration Curves
- Aß sensory, motor, Aδ sensory, and C pain nerve fibers
- All nerves have different rheobase, chronaxie, Strength duration relation
- ----A beta: touch, first to get depolarized
- ----Motor: Thick, polarized
- ----A delta: sharp, localized pain
- ----C: burning, diffuse pain
- Duration set on estim
- Greater the Myelin the easier to depolarize with electricity
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Electoacupuncture
Dispersive electors and pinpoint cathode and put on acupuncture points increase beta endorphins
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Current Density
- Volume Of Current In The Tissues
- Highest At Surface And Diminishes In Deeper Tissue
- Amount of current (per sq cm) unit area per electrode surface
- Greater current density in a small electrode is vs a large electrode. So active electrode is the small electrode and dispersive is the large electrode.
- The farther the spread between the electrodes the deeper the dispersion, better the contraction.
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Bipolar arrangement electrodes and same size
both active but the cathode is more active so put over motor pt
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Electrode Configurations
- Bipolar
- Monopolar
- quadripolar
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Quadripolar Placement
- using 4 electrodes
- 2 electrodes in each channel of a 2 channel unit. Electrode circuits can be either arranged in parallel to one another (paraspinal muscles) or crossed in an interference pattern to focus current between the 4 electrodes in the arrangement
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Frequency (CPS, PPS, Hz)
- Effects the type of muscle contraction
- Effects the mechanism of pain modulation
- Use twitch to break scar tissue
- Summation is the resting period to allow for repolarization.
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Recruitment of Nerve Fibers
A stimulus pulse at a duration-intensity just above threshold will excite the closest and largest fibers (A Beta) : that is why sensory is felt first
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Intensity
- Increasing the intensity of the electrical stimulus causes the current to reach deeper into the tissue
- Gets low threshold fibers close to the skin and high threshold fibers close to the skin and close threshold deep (C and A delta)
- Increase intensity increase touch, muscle contraction and get pain fibers
- full muscle contraction limited by pain
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Recruitment of Nerve Fibers
Increasing the intensity or duration will excite smaller fibers and fibers farther away. C,
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Polarity
- Select Negative Polarity For Muscle Contraction
- ----Facilitates Membrane Depolarization
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Polarity with Current with a net DC Component Positive Pole
- Attracts – Ions (cations)
- Acidic Reaction
- ----Weak HCO3 under electrode
- Hardening of Tissues
- Decrease Nerve Irritability (compare to cathode)
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Polarity with current with net DC component Negative Pole
- Attracts + Ions (anions)
- Alkaline Reaction
- ----Na hydroxide
- Softening of Tissues (Proteins)
- Increased Nerve Irritability
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