-
What does the Seminal Vesicle give to sperm?
Food (fructose) and clothes (semen)
-
What do the Bulbourethral = Cowper's glands secrete?
Bicarbonate (neutralize lactobacilli)
-
What does the Prostate secrete?
- "The prostate HAZ it"
- Hyaluroniclase
- Acid phosphatase
- Zinc
-
What is the Capacitation reaction?
Zn used to peel semen off
-
What is the Acrosomal reaction?
Sperm release enzymes to eat corona radiata
-
What is the Crystallization reaction?
wall formed after 1 sperm enters (to prevent polyspermy)
-
Where does Testosterone come from?
Adrenal gland and testicles
-
Where does DHT come from?
Testicles (at puberty)
-
What is a Pseudohermaphrodite?
External genitalia problem
-
What is a True Hermaphrodite?
Internal genitalia problem => has both sexes
-
What is a Female Hermaphrodite?
Impossible b/c the default is female
-
What is a Female Pseudohermaphrodite?
XX with low 21-OHase =>high testosterone
-
What is a Male Hermaphrodite?
XY with no MIF
-
What is a Male Pseudohermaphrodite?
XY that has low 17-OHase => low testosterone
-
-
What is Virilization?
Man-like
-
What is Testicular Feminization =
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome?
Bad DHT receptor -XY w/ blind pouch vagina
-
What is McCune-Albright?
Precocious sexual development, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia "whorls of CT" , "Coast of Maine" pigmented skin macules
-
What is Cryptochordism?
Testes never descended => sterility after 15mo, seminomas
-
Which stage of the menstrual cycle has the
highest estrogen levels?
follicular stage has proliferative endothelium)
-
what stage of the menstrual cycle has the
highest temperature?
Ovulatory stage
-
What stage of the menstrual cycle has the
highest progesterone levels?
Luteal stage (has secretory endothelium)
-
What form of estrogen is highest at menopause?
What form of estrogen is highest at
menopause?
E1: Estrone (made by fat)
-
What form of estrogen in highest in middle-
age females?
E 2: Estradiol (made by ovaries)
-
What form of estrogen is highest at
pregnancy?
E 3: Estriol (made by placenta)
-
What states have increased estrogen?
Pregnancy, liver failure , p450 inhibition, obesity
-
What is Adenomyosis?
Growth of endometrium1 --> myometrium, enlarged "boggy " uterus w cystic areas
-
What does DES taken by Mom cause in her daughter?
- • Adenomyosis --> menorrhagia
- • Clear Cell CA of vagina
- • Recurrent abortions
-
What is Kallman's syndrome?
No GnRH, anosmia (can't smell)
-
What is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome?
inc Cysts: no ovulation --> no progesterone (inc endometrial CA) --> can't inhibit LH, obese, hairy,acne
-
What is Savage's syndrome?
Ovarian resistance to FSH/LH
-
What is Turner's syndrome (XO)?
High FSH , low E2 , ovarian dysgenesis
-
What does the Progesterone challenge test tell you?
- Bleeds = > she has estrogen
- Not bleed => she has no E 2 or ovaries
- • high FSH --> ovary problem
- • Low FSH --> pituitary problem
-
What is Sheehan syndrome?
- Post-partum hemorrhage --> pituitary, hyperplasia
- infarcts --> no lactation
-
What is Asherman's syndrome?
Previous D&C --> uterine scars
-
What is Oligomenorrhea?
Too few periods
-
What is Polymenorrhea?
Too many periods
-
What is the most common cause of post-
coital vaginal bleeding?
Cervical cancer
-
What is the most common cause of post-
coital vaginal bleeding in pregnant women?
Placenta previa
-
What is the most common cause of vaginal
bleeding in post-menopause women?
Endometrial cancer
-
What is Chronic Pelvic Pain?
Endometriosis until proven otherwise
-
What is Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding?
Diagnosis of exclusion, usually due to anovulation
-
What is Dysmenorrhea?
PG-F causes painful menstrual cramps (teenagers miss school/work)
-
What is Endometriosis?
Painful cyclical heavy menstrual bleeding=> ''powder burns, chocolate cysts" due to ectopic endometrial tissue
-
What is Kleine regnung?
Scant bleeding at ovulation
-
What is Menorrhagia?
Heavy menstrual bleeding
-
What is Fibroids =Leiomyoma?
- Benign uterus SM tumor
- • Submucosal type=> bleeding
- • Subserosa! type => pain
-
What is Metrorrhagia?
Bleeding or spotting in between periods
-
What is Mittelschmerz?
Pain at ovulation
-
What causes Syphilis?
Treponema pallidum (spirochete)
-
What is Herpes?
ds DNA virus
-
What is HPV?
ds DNA virus
-
What is Chlamydia?
Obligate intracellular bacteria
-
What causes Gonorrhea?
Gram- diplococcus
-
What causes Chancroid?
H. ducreyi
-
What causes Lymphogranuloma
Venereum?
Chlamydia trachomatis
-
What causes Granuloma Inguinale?
C. granulomatosis
-
What causes Epididymitis?
Chlamydia
-
What is Condyloma Lata?
Flat fleshy warts, ulcerate, 2° Syphilis
-
What is Condyloma Accuminata?
Verrucous "cauliflower" warts ,koilocytes , HPV 6,11
-
How does Herpes present?
1°: Painful grouped vesicles on red base
2°: Painful solitary lesion
-
How does Syphilis present?
1°: Painless chancre (1-6 wks)
2°: Rash, condyloma lata (6 wks)
3°: Neuro, cardio, bone (6yrs)
-
How does Chancroid present?
Painful w / necrotic center, Gram- rod, " school offish" pattern
-
How does Lymphogranuloma Venereum
present?
Painless ulcers --> abscessed nodes --> genital elephantiasis
-
How does Granuloma Inguinale present?
Spreading ulcer, Donovan bodies, granulation test
-
How does Chlamydia present?
Cervicitis (yellow pus), conjunctivitis, PID
-
How does Gonorrhea present?
Palmar pustules, arthritis, urethral discomfort
-
What is Epididymitis?
Unilateral scrotal pain decreased by support
-
What causes Congenital blindness?
CMV
-
What causes Neonatal blindness?
Chlarnydia
-
What is Lichen simplex chronicus?
Raised white lesions, chronic scratching
-
What is Lichen sclerosis?
Paperlike vulva, itching, cancer risk
-
What is Hidradenoma?
Sweat gland cysts
-
What causes non-bacterial fetal infections?
- "TORCHS"
- Toxoplasma: multiple ring-enhancing
- lesions, cat urine, parietal lobe
- Others
- Rubella: cataracts, hearing loss, PDA,
- meningoencephalitis, pnemnonia,
- "blueberry muffin" rash
- CMV: spastic diplegia of legs,
- hepatosplenomegaly, blindness,
- central calcifications
- HSV -2: temporal lobe hemorrhagic
- encephalitis, need C/S prophylaxis
- Syphilis: Rhagade's (lip fissure) , saber shin
- legs, Hutchison's razor teeth,
- mulberry molars
-
What is Paget's disease of the breast?
Rash and ulcer around nipple, breast cancer
-
What is Lobular carcinoma?
Cells line up single file, contralateral primary
-
What is a Comedocarcinoma?
Multiple focal areas of necrosis, " blackheads"
-
What is Inflammatory carcinoma?
Infiltrates lymphatics, pulls on Cooper's ligaments,"pean d 'orange "
-
What is Cystosarcoma phylloides?
" Exploding mushroom", firm, rubbery, moveable,good prognosis
-
What is Intraductal papilloma?
Nipple bleeding, most common breast CA
-
What is Ductal carcinoma?
worst prognosis breast cancer
-
What is Sarcoma Botyroides?
Vagina cancer, ball of grapes
-
What is a Sister Mary Joseph Nodule?
Ovarian CA spread to umbilicus
-
What is Meig's syndrome?
Pleural effusion, ovarian fibroma, ascites
-
What are the side effects of estrogen?
weight gain, breast tenderness, nausea, HA
-
What are the side effects of progesterone?
Acne, depression, HTN
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