Phonology Set 2

On the assumption that tones are on a separate tier from the segmental material (consonants and vowels), there is a step in which the tones must be linked, or associated, with the tone bearing units. 28

Used to refer to the idea that in phonological structure certain features operate somewhat independently of other features. Used in the area of tones, but other features may be constructed this way as well. 28

The representation of that morpheme by which (in some theories of phonology) all non-suppletive allomorphs can be direived through the application of phonological rules. 17

Claimed within certain theories of phonology that the "brackets" that formally mark the edges of morphemes, which come with the morphemes as they are put together to form words, are eliminated (erased) at a certain point, making the accessibility of morpheme boundary information unavailable to the phonology. Related to postlexical rules. 22

Normal, gradual fall in pitch observed in a particular domain such as a clause or sentence. 27

In some approaches to tone analysis, a tone may be designed as the tone that is supplied when the lexical representation does not otherwise indicate tone. 28

The mapping of a lexical form into its corespondent surface form in a series of steps, each defined by a rule. 17

An intonation countour is relevant for a particular span of words. 27

For the purpose of applying stress rules, it is important to know whether one counts syllables from the edge (beginning or end) of a word or from the edge of a root (less common). 27

Vowels and consonants are sometimes inserted into the phonogical string, especially to make words more pronounceable. 24

Approach to the organization of features in which features are hierarchically arranged under nodes, some features dominating other features. 17

Grouping of syllables or moras in which one of them is stronger than the other - stronger syllable or mora is the head. 29

Corresponds to the pitch of a sound as we hear it. Expressed in cycles per second, Hz. 26

Phonetically long segments that are taken as occupying two positions on the skeleton. 21

Formalized as a single feature array associated with two positions. 21

Formalized as a sequence of two identical feature arrays that are associated with two position son the skeleton. 21

Consonants produced at the same place of articulation. mb. 17

____ stress refers to right-headed prominence in a foot. "prefer" - an _____ is a foot that has this characteristic. 29

Use of pitch variatin for linguistic purposes other than distinguishing between lexical or grammatical meaning. 27

Distinctive pitch patterns used for a variety of purposes other than distinguishing between lexical or gramatical meaning. 27

_____ voice is the term applied to the "normal" production of vowels, in contrast to marked situations such as breath or creaky voice. 20

Refers to situations in which an existing contrast in a language is not relevant. 17

Part of the architecture of features proposed in feature geometries. Some are simply labeled, some are proposed to be features themselves. 17

Locus of the intonation melody in the relevant domain. 27

refers to the different configurations of the vocal folds that are relevant for the language... breathy, modal, creaky, etc. 20.

with respect to fundamental frequency is the set of possibilities between the highest FF and the lowest FF that a speaker or group of speakers (ie adult males) uses. 26

refers to the enhancement of a sound to make it more distinct from other sounds to which it is adjacent. Fortition syn. Opposite of Lenition. 22

Abstract notion that refers tothe prominence of one syllable in a domain over other syllables. 29

Contrastive use of pitch melodies to distinguish lexical items. 28

Arrangements of pitch that a language uses for distinuishing lexical items. 28

____ stress refers to a left-heawded prominence in a foot. "table". _____ is a foot that has this characteristic. 29

The values of a particular feature may be __________ (not made explicit) in a certain context or generally, at some level of representation. 17

refers to a phonological process that makes a sound more like its context. Rules of assimilation are one kind, as are rules of intervocalic voicing, nasalization, and spirantization.