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Jacqui
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Capsule
The capsule is a sticky layer of carbohydrate or protein on the outer surface of the cell wall of many prokaryotes.
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Cell wall
A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells, bacteria, fungi, and some protists. In plant cells, the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible, whereas the secondary cell wall is stronger and more rigid and is the primary constituent of wood.
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Chloroplast
An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.
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Cytoplasm
The entire contents of the cell, exclusive of the nucleus, and bounded by the plasma membrane.
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Cytosol
The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.
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Endosymbiotic theory
A theory about the origin of the eukaryotic cell maintaining that the forerunners of eukaryotic cells were symbiotic associations of prokaryotic cells living inside larger prokaryotes.
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Fimbriae
Some bacteria have small projections on their surface called fimbriae.
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flagella
Some bacteria have flagella attached to the cell wall (note flagellum = singular), which allow the bacteria to swim
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Histone
A small protein with a high proportion of positively charged amino acids that binds to the negatively charged DNA and plays a key role in its chromatin structure.
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Mitochondrion
(plural, mitochondria) An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.
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