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The flashcards below were created by user
neuromed523
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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What is LUCA?
Last Universal Common Ancestor
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Where did all life originate from?
LUCA
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What are the 6 elements that all biological molecules are built?
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
- Phosphorus
- Sulfure
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What is CHONPS?
The 6 elements that are used to build all biological molecules.
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
- Phosphorus
- Sulfur
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What are the molecules of life?
- Amino Acids
- Nucleotides
- Sugars
- Fatty Acids
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Proteins are made of what type of molecules?
Amino Acids
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Nucleic acids are made of what type of molecule?
Nucleotides
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What are the two nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
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How many nucleotides are there and what are they?
8
- DNA:
- A (Adenine)
- G (Guanine)
- C (Cytosine)
- T (Thymine)
- RNA:
- A (Adenine)
- G (Guanine)
- C (Cytosine)
- U (Uracil)
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What is the sugar of DNA?
Deoxyribose
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What is the sugar of RNA?
Ribose
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What enzyme creates DNA?
DNA Polymerase
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What enzyme creates RNA?
RNA Polymerase
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Triglycerides and phospholipids are made of what type of molecules?
Fatty acids
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Polysaccharides are made of what type of molecule?
Sugars
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What are the macromolecules of life?
- Nucleic acids
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Polysaccharides
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What is the universal process for joining monomers to make polymers (macromolecules).
Dehydration Synthesis
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What is the universal process for breaking bonds between monomers to break down polymers?
Hydrolysis
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What are the main purposes for cell membranes?
- They separate cell chemicals.
- Control materials entering and exiting the cell (Selective permeability).
- Receive signals (Response to environment).
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What is the information storage molecule in all cells?
DNA
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What is DNA used to make?
RNA and proteins.
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What is the process in which DNA is turned into work in a cell?
- Transcription turns DNA into mRNA.
- Translation turns mRNA into a protein.
- Proteins do work in cells.
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What is the start codon?
Methionine (AUG)
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What is the stop codon?
UAA
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Where are proteins made in all cells and how?
Ribosomes
mRNA is decoded using tRNA
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What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate
RNA Nucleotide
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Origin of Life Summary:
What do you need to build cells?
- Fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides, sugars - abiotic formation.
- Genetic material and a way to copy it (enzymatic activity)
- Membrane - Contains/separates the cell contents from the environment.
- Cell division
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Prion
Mutant form of protein that attaches to a healthy protein and turns it into a prion.
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