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Cell Bio Review
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What is LUCA?
Last Universal Common Ancestor
Where did all life originate from?
LUCA
What are the 6 elements that all biological molecules are built?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Sulfure
What is CHONPS?
The 6 elements that are used to build all biological molecules.
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
What are the molecules of life?
Amino Acids
Nucleotides
Sugars
Fatty Acids
Proteins are made of what type of molecules?
Amino Acids
Nucleic acids are made of what type of molecule?
Nucleotides
What are the two nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
How many nucleotides are there and what are they?
8
DNA:
A (Adenine)
G (Guanine)
C (Cytosine)
T (Thymine)
RNA:
A (Adenine)
G (Guanine)
C (Cytosine)
U (Uracil)
What is the sugar of DNA?
Deoxyribose
What is the sugar of RNA?
Ribose
What enzyme creates DNA?
DNA Polymerase
What enzyme creates RNA?
RNA Polymerase
Triglycerides and phospholipids are made of what type of molecules?
Fatty acids
Polysaccharides are made of what type of molecule?
Sugars
What are the macromolecules of life?
Nucleic acids
Lipids
Proteins
Polysaccharides
What is the universal process for joining monomers to make polymers (macromolecules).
Dehydration Synthesis
What is the universal process for breaking bonds between monomers to break down polymers?
Hydrolysis
What are the main purposes for cell membranes?
They separate cell chemicals.
Control materials entering and exiting the cell (Selective permeability).
Receive signals (Response to environment).
What is the information storage molecule in all cells?
DNA
What is DNA used to make?
RNA and proteins.
What is the process in which DNA is turned into work in a cell?
Transcription turns DNA into mRNA.
Translation turns mRNA into a protein.
Proteins do work in cells.
What is the start codon?
Methionine (AUG)
What is the stop codon?
UAA
Where are proteins made in all cells and how?
Ribosomes
mRNA is decoded using tRNA
What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate
RNA Nucleotide
Origin of Life Summary:
What do you need to build cells?
Fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides, sugars - abiotic formation.
Genetic material and a way to copy it (enzymatic activity)
Membrane - Contains/separates the cell contents from the environment.
Cell division
Prion
Mutant form of protein that attaches to a healthy protein and turns it into a prion.
Author
neuromed523
ID
306198
Card Set
Cell Bio Review
Description
Cell Bio Review
Updated
2015-08-11T03:46:51Z
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