The flashcards below were created by user
cbennett
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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Pertaining to the highest point of the shoulder
Acromial
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Pertaining to the chin
Mental
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Pertaining to the forearm
Antebrachial
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Pertaining to the hand
Manual
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Pertaining to the thigh
Femoral
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Pertaining to the anterior surface of the leg
Crural
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Pertaining to the lateral side of the leg
Fibular or Peroneal
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Pertaining to the posterior surface of the leg
Sural
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membrane layer that covers the organs?
visceral layer
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membrane layer that attaches to and covers the ventral body wall?
parietal layer
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- 1=R Hypochondriac 5=Umbilical
- 2=Epigastric 6=L Lumbar
- 3=L Hypochondriac 7=R Inguinal
- 4=R Lumbar 8=Hypogastric/Pubic
- 9=L Inguinal
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Name A-E
- A=Nucleolus
- B=Nucleus
- C=Nuclear Envelope
- D=Rough ER
- E=Golgi Apparatus
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Name H, I, J
- H=Mitochondria
- I=Cell Membrane
- J=Ribosome
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The mitotic phase when normal cell work is going on, cell growth occurs, and DNA replicates?
interphase
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More water, less solute concentration is?
Hypotonic solution
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More solute concentration with less water is?
Hypertonic solution
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there is a chemical exchange that occurs with all individual cells, this is called?
internal respiration
vs. external respiration (lungs)
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Name items necessary for Life Functions
- exchange with environment
- reproduction
- metabolism
- homeostasis
- growth and development
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Name the levels of structural organization
chemical > cellular > tissues > organ >
organ systems > organismal
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The simplest collection of matter that can be alive?
The cell
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Basic features of all cells?
- Plasma membrane
- Phospholipid cell membrane
- Semifluid substance called cytosol
- Chromosomes (carry genes)
- Ribosomes (make proteins) Instructions
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The plasma membrane controls the movement of molecules into and out of the cell, a trait called?
Selective Permeability
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genetic instructions are housed in the nucleus and carried out by the?
Ribosomes
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Ribosomes use the information from the DNA to make?
Proteins
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This organelle modifies proteins before they leave the cell
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Once proteins are synthesized and ready for transport they are put into ________ to be sent to other places to perform functions
vesicles
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Which organelle does the protein get processed? (the post office of the cell)
Golgi Apparatus
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? is a membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules
Lysosomes
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Lysosomal enzymes can hydrolyze?
- proteins
- fat
- polysaccharides
- nucleic acids
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Organelle that uses cellular respiration, a metabolic process that uses oxygen to generate ATP
Build up ATP by eating food
All organisms have
Mitochondria
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a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell?
Cytoskeleton
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What does cytoskeleton provide?
- Helps move things around (cilia, flagellum)
- provides support
- involved in transportation
- Gives it shape
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Mitochondria has it's own set of ?
Provided only by the mother
genes (mitochondrial DNA)
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What processes must a cell perform?
- Metabolism
- Regulation
- DNA
- Reproduction…
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What type of reproduction involves inheritance of all genes from one parent, cloning, and is the vast majority of reproduction within our body?
Asexual reproduction
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Why is sexual reproduction important and vital to life?
- Sexual reproduction is to provide variety of off spring
- Variety provides for survival for the future
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chromosomes are composed of ?
chromatin
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What is contained in chromatin?
DNA + proteins (within the nucleus)
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Allows passage of hydrophilic substances across the membrane
transport proteins
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The process where molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until everything is the same concentration?
Diffusion
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The diffusion of water across a membrane is called?
Osmosis
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indicates that the concentration of a solute is the same on both sides
isotonic
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indicates that the concentration of solute is higher outside the cell
hypertonic
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indicates a lower concentration of solute outside the cell
hypotonic
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Cells have a mechanism for moving a solute against its concentration gradient
It requires the expenditure of energy in the form of ATP
Active transport
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Why is it important to have more surface area?
Surface area allows us to make exchanges with outside environment, making survival easier
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Name the 11 organ systems
- respiratory
- integumentary
- reproductive
- digestive
- cardiovascular
- pulmonary
- skeletal
- nervous
- endocrine
- lymphatic
- urinary
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what is the most abundant chemical in the body?
water
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give an example of negative feedback to maintain homeostasis?
body temperature regulation
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give an example of positive feedback in the body to maintain homeostasis?
- labor contractions
- blood clotting
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term that divides the head, neck, and trunk
axial skeleton
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term that divides the limbs from the rest of the body
appendicular skeleton
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the dorsal body cavity contains?
- cranial cavity
- vertebral cavity
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the ventral body cavity contains?
- thoracic cavity
- abdominopelvic cavity
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name the thoracic cavity subdivisions
- two pleural cavities
- mediastinum
- pericardial cavity
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name the abdominopelvic cavity subdivisions
- abdominal cavity
- pelvic cavity
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what organs are contained in the abdominal cavity
- stomach
- intestines
- spleen
- liver
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what organs are contained in the pelvic cavity?
- urinary bladder
- reproductive organs
- rectum
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name the three most common elements in the body
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what determines an atom's identity?
the number of protons
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a substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio?
compound (ex. NaCl)
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if atoms are charged the same they...
repel (like magnets)
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it atoms are charged opposites they...
attract (ionic bonds)
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when atoms share bonds this is called
covalent bonds
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an atom's attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond is called
electronegativity
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what is it called when atoms share the electron equally
nonpolar covalent bond
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What is a chemical reaction - goes on constantly in our bodies?
breaking bonds then making bonds
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what is the measure of stored energy?
calories
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nam different types of lipids
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lipids are water insoluble which means they are?
hydrophobic
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what type of lipids can be packed tightly and become solid at room temp?
saturated
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why can't unsaturated fats be packed tightly and don't become solid at room temp?
double bonds create a "kink"
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what is a lipid that is structurally similar to fats and an important component of all cells?
phospholipids
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phospholipids make up our cell...?
membrane
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a single building block is called ?
monomer (ex. protein)
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when monomers are identically strung together as building blocks they are called?
polymers (ex. amino acids)
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what is the building block (monomer) of amino acids?
proteins
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what is the building block (monomer) of DNA & RNA?
nucleotides
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DNA / RNA (has phosphate group)
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amino acid (contains nitrogen)
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carbohydrate (forms a "ring")
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fats and lipids (long chains of carbon)
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what part of DNA holds our genetic info?
the nitrogenous bases change (A, T, C, G)
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the unequal sharing of electrons within a molecule
polarity
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