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mustangtyra
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small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are termed_________________.
lymph nodes
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The pancreas is not a lymphatic structure?
True
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The distal portion of the small intestine contains clumps of lymph follicles called_____________.
Peyer's patches
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Both lymph and blood flow are heavily dependant on ______________.
Skeletal muscle contractions and differences in thoracic pressures due to respiratory movement
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The thymus is most active during ______________.
Childhood
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Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax?
Thoracic duct
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What effect does age have on size of the thymus?
The thymus initially increases in size and then decreases in size from adolescence through old age
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The lymphatic capillaries are___________.
more permeable than blood capillaries
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Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are releases by _____________.
Plasma cells
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Lymph leaves a node via _________________.
efferent lymphatic vessels
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Which cells become immunocompotent due to thymic hormones?
lymphocytes
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When the lymphatic structures are blocked due to tumors, the result is ______________.
Severe localized edema distal to the blockage
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Lymph transport depends on the movement of of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles?
True
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T cells are the only form of lymphocytes found in lymphoid tissue?
True
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Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) ________________.
Tonsil
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The thymus is not a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue?
True
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Peyer's pathces are found in the _______________.
ileum of the small intestine
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Lymph capillaries are absent in all but which of the following?
A) digestive organs
B) CNS
C) bones and teeth
D) bone marrow
A) digestive organs (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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What is bubo?
an infected lymph node
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The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does not:
directly fight antigens
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Large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations except the ___________.
lower extremities
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Functions of the spleen do not include_____________.
forming crypts that trap bacteria
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B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood?
True
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Digestive tract-associated lymphatic tissue includes all of the following except_____________.
A) Peyer's patches
B) palatine tonsils
C) lingual tonsils
D) islets of Langerhans
D) islets of Langerhans (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Which of the following is not a method that maintains lymph flow?
Smoth muscle contraction
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The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the __________________.
Lingual tonsils
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Which of the following is not a normal component of lymph?
A) ions
B) water
C) plasma proteins
D) red blood cells
D) red blood cells (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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A sentinal node is _________.
the first node to recieve lymph from an area suspected to be cancerous
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Which of the following are functions of lymphoid tissue?
A) house and provide a proliferation site for lymphocytes
B) A and C
C) house and provide a proliferation site for neutrophils
D) furnish an ideal surveillance vantage point for lymphocytes and macrophages
B) A and C (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?
A) transporting dietary fats
B) draining excess interstitial fluid
C) carrying out immune responses
D) transporting respiratory gases
D) transporting respiratory gases (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Which of the following is not a function of lymph nodes?
A) act as lymph filters and activate the immune system
B) produce lymph fluid and cerebro-spinal fluid
C) serve as antigen surveillance areas
D) produce lymphoid cells and granular WBC's
B) produce lymph fluid and cerebro-spinal fluid (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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The bodies water volume is closely tied to the level of which of the following ions?
A) hydrogen ions
B) calcium ions
C) sodium ions
D) potassium ions
C) sodium ions (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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The term hypotonic hydration refers to _____________.
a condition that may result from renal insufficiency or drinking extrordinary amounts of water
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Hypoproteinemia is a condition of unusually low levels of plasma proteins. This problem is often characterized by __________________.
tissue edema
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Which of the following hormones is important in the regulation of sodium ion concentrations in the extra-cellular fluid?
A) renin
B) antidiuretic hormone
C) aldosterone
D) erythropoietin
C) aldosterone (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart. The influence of this hormone is to ________________.
reduce blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting sodium and water retention
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Respiratory acidosis can occur when ________________.
a persnos breathing is shallow due to obstruction
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Which of the following two organs function as the most important physiological buffer systems?
A) the adrenal glands and the testes
B) the thyroid gland and the heart
C) the stomach and the liver
D) the lungs and the kidneys
D) the lungs and the kidneys (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Which of the choices below is not an essential role of salts in the body?
A) neuromuscular activity
B) membrane permeability
C) anabolism of proteins
D) secretory activity
C) anabolism of proteins (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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The fluid link between the external and internal enviroment is ________________.
Plasma
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Newborn infants have a relatively higher ___________ content in their ECF than do adults.
sodium
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Although sodium is mainly found in the extracellular fluid, most __________ is found in the intracellular fluid.
Potassium
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Which of the following describes the distribution of sodium and potassium between cells and body fluids?
A) K+ mainly in the cells, Na+ in the body fluids
B) equal amounts of each ion in the cels and body fluids
C) little of either in the cells, but large amounts of each in the body fluids
D) Na+ mainly in the cells, K+ in the body fluids
A) K+ mainly in the cells, Na+ in the body fluids (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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problems with fluid, and acid-base balance are particularly common in infants because of their _____________.
inefficient kidneys
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The single most important factor influencing potassium ion secretion is ________________.
Potassium ion concentration in blood plasma
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The term alkaline reserve is used to describe the ___________ buffer system.
bicarbonate
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A falling blood pH and a rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates______________.
Metabolic alkalosis
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The movement of fluids between cellular compartments ___________.
Is regulated by osmotic and hydrostatic forces
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What hormone reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasoconstriction and sodium ion and water retention?
atrial natriuretic peptide
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Which of the following is not a method for regulating the hydrogen ion concentration in blood?
A) respiratory changes
B) renal mechanism
C) chemical buffer system
D) diet
D) diet (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Which of the following is not a chamical buffer system?
A) phosphate
B) protein
C) nucleic acid
D) bicarbonate
C) nucleic acid (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Extracellular fluid in the human body is composed of all of the following except____________.
A) glucose
B) cerebrospinal fluid
C) lymph and interstitial fluid
D) blood plasma
A) glucose (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Electrolytes have greater osmotic power than nonelectrolytes and therefore have the greatest ability to cause fluid shifts?
True
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Which of the following hormones is important in stimulating water conservation in the kidneys?
A) aldosterone
B) atrial natriuretic peptide
C) antidiuretic hormone
D) thymosin
C) antidiuretic hormone (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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The maintenance of the proper pH of the body fluids may be the result of _____________.
The control of respiratory ventilation
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Which of the following is not a disorder of water balance?
A) edema or tissue swelling, which is usually due to an increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
B) excess water in interstitial spaces due to a low level of plasma proteins
C) excessive hydration due to excess ADH secretion
D) hypotonic hydration, in which sodium content is normal but water content is high
C) excessive hydration due to excess ADH secretion (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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The regulation of sodium ______________.
is linked to blood pressure
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Kidney tubule cells are able to synthesize bicarbonate ion?
True
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Blood analysis indicates low pH, and patient is breathing rapidly. Given your knowledge of acid-base balance, which of the following is most likely?
A) respiratory acidosis
B) metabolic alkalosis
C) respiratory alkalosis
D) metabolic acidosis
D) metabolic acidosis (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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A patient is breathing slowly and blood pH analysis indicates an abnormally high value. What is the likely diagnosis?
metabolic alkalosis
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One of the major physiological factors that triggers thirst is ___________.
a rise in plasma osmolality
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Annie has just eaten a large order of heavily salted french fries, some pickled eggs, and some cheese. How will consuming this much salt affect her physiology?
There will be a temporary increase in in blood volume
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The most important force causing net water flow across capillary walls is ______________.
hydrostatic pressure of capillary blood
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Which of the following does not depend on the presence of electrolytes?
A) membrane polarity
B) neuromuscular excitability
C) maintenance of osmotic relations between cells and ECF
D) amount of body fat
D) amount of body fat (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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The regulation of potassium balance ___________.
involves aldosterone-induced secretion of potassium
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Cells on the dorsal surface of the two-layered embryonic disc migrate to form a raised groove known as the ____________.
primitive streak
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The result of polyspermy in humans is____________.
a nonfunctional zygote
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It is impossible for sperm to be functional (able to fertilize the egg) until after _______________.
they undergo capacitation
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Milk ejection or letdown reflex is stimulated by which of the following hormones associated with pregnancy?
A) inhibin
B) prolactin
C) oxytocin
D) gonadotropin
C) oxytocin (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Estrogen and progesterone maintain the integrity of the uterine lining and prepare the mammary glands to secrete milk. Which of the following structures makes this possible during the first three months of pregnancy?
A) corpus luteum
B) the chorion
C) corona radiata
D) the amnion
A) corpus luteum (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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The placenta, a vitally important metabolic organ, is made up of a contribution from mother and fetus. which portion is from the fetus?
Chorion
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Which of the following is not a germ layer?
A) ectoderm
B) mesoderm
C) endoderm
D) epiderm
D) epiderm (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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The formation of endodermal and ectodermal germ layers occurs at _______________.
gastrulation
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Which hormone maintains the viability of the corpus luteum?
human chorionic gonadotropin
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Which of the following is a highly unlikely method of producing a child?
A) gamete intrafallopian transfer
B) ectopic implantation
C) in vitro fertilzation
D) embryo transfer
B) ectopic implantation (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Implantation involves _______________.
embedding of the blastocyst in the uterine wall
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The umbilical arteris carry ______________.
waste products to the placenta
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The correct sequence o preembryonic structures is _______________.
zygote, morula, blastocyst
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Temperature is not assessed as part of the apgar score?
False
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Hormones concerned with events of lactation include ___________.
oxytocin
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Onset of labor may be a result of all of the following factors except _____________.
A) concentration-related increased emotional and physical stress
B) aspirin and similar drugs
C) secretion of oxytocin
D) high estrogen levels
B) aspirin and similar drugs (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Millions of sperm cells are destroyed by the vagina's acidic enviroment?
True
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Shortly after implantation ____________.
the trophoblast forms two distinct layers
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The dorsal surface cells of the inner cell mass form ______________.
the primitive streak
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Muscle tissue is formed by the ______________.
mesoderm
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Neural tissue is formed by the _________________.
ectoderm
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The trophoblast is mostly responsible for forming the ________________.
placental tissue
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At which stage of labor is the "afterbirth" expelled?
placental
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Inhibin is not produced by the placenta?
True
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During which stage of labor is the fetus delivered?
Expulsion stage
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Aspirin is not considered a teratogen?
True
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Development events during weeks 9-12 include ______________.
sex readily detected from genitals
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Derivatives of the ectoderm include ___________.
epithelium of the pineal and pituitary glands
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Milk ejection or letdown reflex is stimulated by this pregnancy associated hormone
oxytocin
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