|
Home > Preview
The flashcards below were created by user
xijunzhu
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
consciousness
one's level of awareness of both the world and one's own existence within that world
-
accepted states of consciousness
alertness, sleep, dreaming, and altered states (sleep, hypnosis)
-
alertness
- awake and able to think
- perceive, process, access info and express info verbally
- fibers from prefrontal cortext communicate with reticular formation (in brainstem) to keep cortex awake and alert
-
EEG (electroencephalogram)
- test used to monitor electrical activity in the brain
- consists of beta, alpha, theta and delta waves
-
beta waves
when we are awake, high frequency and occur when the person is alert or doing something that requires concentration
-
alpha
are awake but relaxing with our eyes closed, somewhat slower than beta waves, more synchronized than beta waves
-
stage 1
- when you doze off
- theta waves (slower frequences and higher voltages on EEG)
-
Stage 2
EEG with theta waves (sleep spindles and K complexes)
-
Stage 3 and 4
- slow-wave sleep (SWS) EEG activity grows progressively slower until only a few sleep waves per second are seen
- delta waves (low frequency high voltage)
- SWS associated with cognitive recovery and memory consolidation, increased growth hormone release
-
non-rapid eye movement (non-REM)
- stages1-4
- REM is interspersed between cycles of Non-REM
-
paradoxical sleep
- REM sleep
- arousal levels reach that of wakefuleness (heart rate, breathing and EEG mimic wake), but the muscles are paralyzed (person asleep)
- dreaming and memory consolidation
-
sleep cycle
- single complete progression through the sleep stages
- length of sleep cycle increase as we age
-
why does decreasing light increase release of melatonin?
retina has direct connections to hypothalamus, which controls the pineal gland, decreasing light can cause the release of melatonin from pineal gland
-
cortisol
- steroid hormone produced in the adrenal cortex
- increase light causes release of CRF (from hypothalamus, which causes release of ACTH, which stimulates cortisol release
- contributes to wakefulness
-
activation synthesis theory
dreams are caused by widespread random activation of neural circuitry
-
problem solving dream theory
solve problems while you aresleeping
-
cognitive process dream theory
dreams are sleeping counterpart of steam of consciousness
-
neurocognitive models of dreaming
seek to unify biological and psychological perspectives
-
dyssomnias
disorders that make it difficult to fall asleep, stay asleep or avoid sleep
-
parasomnias
abnormal movements or behaviors during sleep (night terrors and sleepwalking)
-
insomnia
difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
-
narcolepsy
lack of voluntary control over the onset of sleep
-
cataplexy
loss of muscle control and sudden intrusion of REM sleep during waking hours, usually caused by emotional trigger
-
sleep paralysis
sensation of being unable to move despite being awake
-
hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations
hallucinations when going to sleep or awakening
-
sleep apnea
- inability to breathe during sleep
- obstructive sleep apnea: when physical blockage in pharynx
- central sleep apnea: when brain fails to send signals to diaphragm to breath
-
night terrors
intense anxiety that occuring during slow wave sleep in children
-
REM rebound
an earlier onset and greater during of REM sleep compared to normal after sleep deprivation
-
hypnosis
a person appears to be in control of his or her normal functions, but is in a highly suggestible state
-
meditation
resembles stage 1 of sleep on EEG
|
|
Get the free mobile app
Take the Quiz
Learn more
Learn more