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Mawad
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What factors predispose cows to retained fetal membranes? (10)
induced labor, short gestation, abortion, twins, dysotcia, fetotomy, C-section, nutritional deficiencies, BVDv, immune suppressed
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Describe a primary RFM.
lack of detachment from maternal caruncles
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Describe a secondary RFM.
Mechanical difficulty expelling already detached fetal membranes
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RFM is defined as failure to expel the placenta within _______ of giving birth.
12 hours
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What are pre-disposing factors to post-partum uterine infection? (6)
RFM, dystocia, twins, fat/thin, urea feeding, large herd
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What are the categories of post-partum uterine infection?
metritis, clinical endometritis, subclinical endometritis
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What is the major caveat to subclinical endometritis?
prolonged calving interval
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What is the most common etiologic agent of post-partum uterine infection?
T. pyogenes
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3 gram-negative bacteria that cause post-partum uterine infection.
Fusobacterium necrophorum, Bacteroides melaningenicus, E. coli
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Distinguish b/w metritis and endometritis.
metritis- all uterine layers; endometritis- only endometrium
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How long after giving birth does metritis occur?
w/i 21 days, usually less than 10 days
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What are clinical signs of metritis? (5)
enlarged uterus, red/watery/fetid d/c, inappetence, increase HR, low milk
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What are the grades of metritis?
- Grade 1- enlarged uterus, purulent d/c, not sick
- Grade 2- grade 1+ low milk, fever
- Grade 3- toxemia, cold extremities, down
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What are the signs of clinical and subclinical endometritis.
- clinical- same as metritis
- subclinical- inflammation of endometrium, decreased repro performance
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During the recovering phase of subclinical endometritis, there are _________ in uterine lavage at 5 weeks post-partum.
5.5%-10% neutrophils
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What are controversial txt for uterine infections?
IU infusions, hormone therapy (PG), IU 50% dextrose (hyperosmolality)
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What systemic antibiotics are used to treat uterine infections?
penicillin, Ceftiofur (Exceed- MUST give second dose 72hr later in other ear), oxytet
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Describe the use of hormone therapy to treat uterine infections.
oxytocin- aids uterine contractions for 48-72hr, PG- txt of choice for pyometra, dump shot
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