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RFM are common after... (4)
abnormal delivery, infectious disease, twins, induced parturition
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In a cow, the placenta is considered retained after _________.
8hrs
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RFM are sequelae to delayed ___________--> prolonged ________--> decreased _________.
uterine involution; time to first service; preg rates
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During parturition, relaxin release leads to increased __________ activity, which leads to...
collagenase; breakdown of fetal cotyledon-caruncle interface (helps with detachment of placenta)
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What are the 2 types of bovine RFM?
toxic syndrome, non-toxic syndrome
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Toxic RFM in a cow clinical signs: (8)
fever, anorexia, depression, ketosis, big uterus, fetid odor, placenta visible, +/- DA
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How do you treat toxic RFM in cows? (3)
systemic antibiotics, banamine, monitor
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What are clinical signs of non-toxic RFM in cows? (3)
slight depression, fetid odor, placenta may or may not be visible
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How do you treat non-toxic RFM in a cow? (4)
leave placenta alone, prostaglandin (lut), oxytocin, re-examine
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A placenta is considered retained in a mare after _______.
3 hrs
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Why is a RFM an emergency in mares?
quickly become toxemic and laminitic
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Why can you only give a small dose of oxytocin to a horse with RFM?
colic
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What are clinical signs of RFM in a mare? (6)
fever, depression, anorexia, colic, increased digital pulses, big uterus
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How do you treat RFM in a mare? (5)
IV oxytocin slowly (either drip or serial boluses), uterine lavage, systemic antibiotics (Pen-G, SMZ), NSAIDs, ice the distal limbs
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Why is pentoxyfylline sometimes given to treat a mare with RFM?
it makes RBCs more flexible, increasing peripheral circulation, prevent laminitis
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Canine RFM occurs mostly in _________, and is evidenced by __________.
toy breeds; dark green vulvular d/c
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What is the potential danger associated with giving a bitch oxytocin to prevent RFM?
can rupture the uterus if you give oxytocin when there is a dead pup still inside
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How do you treat RFM in a canine?
systemic antibiotics, fluids
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Often, RFM in healthy dogs does not lead to ________.
toxic metritis
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Ovine/caprine RFM is uncommon except in ________.
Brucella infections
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What are predisposing factors for uterine prolapse? (5)
long mesometrial attachments, strong tenesmus, atonic uterus, RFM, excessive oxytocin
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How do you treat equine uterine prolapse? (5)
general anesthesia, lift hindquarters (same for controlled vaginal delivery), antibiotics, NSAIDs, low dose oxytocin
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When replacing a uterine prolapse in a mare, avoid...
leaving the tip of the uterine horn intussuscepted
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What is the usual outcome of canine and feline uterine prolapse?
OHE
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Subinvolution of the placental sites (SIPS) occurs in ________; clinical signs include... (3)
dogs; serosanguinous vulvular d/c for as long as 12-16 wks, spheroid enlargements on abdominal palpation, trophoblastic cells on vaginal smear
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How do you treat SIPS in dogs?
benign neglect- ie. do nothing
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