The flashcards below were created by user
Anonymous
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
organic compaunds
CONTAIN CARBON! are covalently bonded and are often large
-
inorganic compounds
DONT contain carbon
ak.water, salts, and many bases and acids
-
important properties of water
high heat capacity (it takes a lot of heat before changing temp)
polar solvent properties (dissolves polar molecules)
reactivity( reactions in hydrolysis& dehydration
cushioning(protects body
-
acids
any substance that INCREASES the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution (adds hydrogen)
GIVES PROTONS
-
bases
any substance that REDUCES the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution (less hydrogen)
RECEIVE PROTONS
-
acids release____ therefore are ____donors
hydrogen, proton
-
bases release___ and are proton____
HO-, acceptors
-
acidic solutions have_____ concentration and therefore have a ___ pH level
higher H+, lower
-
-
alkiline solutions have_____ concentration and therefore have a ___ pH level
lower H+, higher
-
neutral solutions
they have equal h+ and OH- concentrations
-
buffers
protect the pH levels. they try to keep it close to 7
-
carbon has how man valence electrons?
4
-
biomolecules (organic compounds)
- carbohydrates
- lipids
- proteins
nucleic acids
-
-
3 classes of polymers
- carbohydrates
- proteins
- nucleic acids
-
dehydration synthesis
- forms polymers
- requires the input of energy (endorganic)
-
hydrolysis
- breaks polymers
- releases energy (exorganic)
-
carbohydrates contain?
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
it's major function is to supply a source of cellular food (energy)
-
carbohydrates monomers? and what can they be used for?
- monosaccharides(simple sugars)
- can be use directly by cells as fuel
-
polysaccharides
energy storage
-
lipids contain what?
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (but the oxygen proportions in lipids is less than in carbohydrates
-
who are hydrophobic? and what does that mean?
lipids, they dont like water
-
examples of lipids
- triglycerides.
- phospholipids
- steroids
-
 what are lipids composed of?
3 fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule
-
what are phospholipids composed of?
modified triglycerides with 2 fatty acid groups and a phosphorus group
-
phospholipids make most what?
- membranes
- they have a polar head and a non polar tail
-
what are steroids composed of?
flat molecules with four inter locking hydrocarbon rings 
-
what the difference between saturated fat and unsaturated fat?
saturated- packs up tightly and clogs up arteries easily
unsaturated- less tight
-
fatty acids?
saturated/unsaturated fats
-
lipids found in body
- neutral fats-under skin
- phospholipids- cell membranes
- steroid-
- lipoproteins- transport fatty acids and chloesterol in the bloodstream
-
amino acid contains
building block pf proteins
amino acid, a corboxyl group and a (R group)
they form peptide bonds
-
protein chain
amino acids- peptide-polypeptide-protein
-
primary structure
chain of amino acids
-
secondary structure
folds and sheets
-
tetiary structure
3D structure
-
carbohydrate chain
monocaccharide- polysaccharide
-
nucleic acid chain
nucleotide- DNA/RNA
-
what does the sequence of an amino acid chain do?
determines how the protein will fold and therefore how it functions
-
what is sickle-cell disease?
a single amino acid substitution in the protein (#6) it makes hemoglobin go wrong and it doesnt carry as much oxygen through the blood
-
fibrous proteins
extended and strandlike proteins
-
globular proteins
spherical proteins
-
enzymes
they act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions (they are not consumed during chemical reactions so they just cycle)
-
skeleton of a protein
micro-filament
-
membrane receptor and cell signaling
hormones that bind to channel& and activates signaling pathways
-
motor molecules
little legs on cells that make them move
-
-
enzymes...
lower activation energy
-
substrate
what goes into the enzyme that is going to catalized
-
denaturation
a cell coming apart( unfolding)
-
renaturation
a cell coming back together (from unfolding)
-
what can cause denaturation?
change in temperature or change in pH levels (it can be reversed)
-
what are nucleic acids composed of?
C,H,O,N, and P
-
what is a nucleic acid's structureal unit?
nucleotide
-
polymerization?
the process of making polymers
-
DNA is the one that only contains?
thymine
-
RNA is the only one that contains?
uracil
-
genes do what?
program the amino acid to sequence of polypeptides(proteins)
-
DNA is ___ into ___ which are ___
copied, RNA, nucleic acids in actions
|
|