-
process of innate immunity
- 1. engulf
- 2. eliminate
- 3. induce inflammation
- 4. call/activate adaptive immune system
-
adaptive immune cells (2)
- T lymphocytes
- B lymphocytes
-
Fas-FasL induces what cellular process?
apoptosis
-
T cells are restricted to what type of recognition?
antigen presented to them on the surface of a genetically identical cell
-
which cells contain MHC Class II molecules?
-
which cells contain MHC Class I molecules
all nucleated cells
-
which cells interact with MHC Class II molecules?
CD4+ Th1 and Th2 cells
-
which cells interact with MHC Class I molecules?
CD8+ CTL cells
-
3 requirements for a successful T cell
- not recognize self
- not recognize free antigen
- recognize antigenic peptide plus self MHC
-
process of central tolerance
- 1. negative selection
- 2. rescue from programmed cell death
- 3. lineage determination
-
interaction of an APC with CTLA4 causes what cellular process?
anergy
-
donor APCs migrate to a local lymph node and stimulate alloreactive recipient T cells
direct recognition leading to allograft rejection
-
recipient APCs process and present peptides derived from the graft
indirect recognition leading to allograft rejection
-
sites of action of immunosuppressive drugs (4)
- 1. antigen recognition
- 2. production of pro-inflammatory cytokines
- 3. IL-2 production
- 4. T-cell production & differentiation
-
site of Rh (D) immune globulin immunosuppression
antigen recognition by APC
-
site of corticosteroid immunosuppression
production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by APC
-
site of OKT3 immunosuppression
binds CD3 on T cell to prevent activation
-
site of cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and sirolimus immunosuppression
inside T cell - prevents activation
-
site of azathioprine & mycophenolate mofetil immunosuppression
T & B cell proliferation/differentiation
-
autoimmunity is unwanted immune responses against self-tissue antigens that cause _____.
chronic inflammatory injury
-
examples of organ specific autoimmunity
- insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
- multiple sclerosis
-
examples of non-organ specific autoimmunity
-
common features of autoimmune diseases
- sx vary significantly
- increased susceptibility of the female sex
- disease overlap: individuals have symptoms of multiple systemic diseases
-
chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease that primarily affects the synovial membranes of multiple joints in the body
rheumatoid arthritis
-
pathogenesis of RA
- 1. T cell activation by unknown Ag's
- 2. initiation of inflammatory response (cytokine production, synovil inflammation)
- 3. joint swelling, articular OA, articular distortion, bone erosion
-
possible mechanisms of RA (2)
- "T cell centric" theory
- Macrophage model
-
supporting evidence for T cell centric theory as cause of RA (2)
- known association of RA w/ MHC II antigens
- large number of CD4+ T cells in the RA synovium
-
supporting evidence for the macrophage model as cause of RA (2)
- relative absence of activated T cell phenotypes in chronic RA
- preponderance of activated macrophages & fibroblasts
-
2 potential exogenous/mimicry peptide antigens causing RA
- Epstein-Barr protein
- heat shock protein
-
2 potential endogenous peptide antigens causing RA
- collagen type II
- Rheumatoid factor
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