-
What do endothelial cells release to vasodilate and inhibit plt aggregation & adhesion & degranulation?
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What is AT-III?
- made in liver
- binds to heparin to form heparin-sulfate system
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What is heparin-sulfate system?
binds to thrombin and stops clotting
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What is MCV?
- Mean corpuscular volume
- (size of RBC)
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Bone marrow aspirations are good diagnostic tests for what?
- certain anemias
- leukemias
- plt DO
- imunoglobulin DO
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_______ removes the liquid portion of BM; where ______ removes the solid portion.
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Newborns have the same number of _____ as they will as adults.
platelets
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How to test for pernicious anemia?
- blood test for ab or
- gastric bx for HCl
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What is sideroblastic anemia?
- Micro- or macrocytic, hypochromic
- altered mitochondrial metabolism (where Hgb is made) =
- ineffective Fe uptake =
- dysfunctional heme synthesis in BM
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Increased iron levels, enlarged liver & spleen can be indicative of what?
sideroblastic anemia
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Anisocytosis.
RBCs are of various sizes
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Poikilocytosis.
RBCs are various SHAPES
-
Macrocytic-normochromic anemias
- lg cell, normal Hb!!
- Vit B12 or Folate deficiency
- DNA defect, normal RNA
- *Pernicious Anemia* (no intrinsic factor)
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Why would you do a gastric biopsy to test for Pernicious Anemia?
to test for HCl in the stomach. HCl is secreted by parietal cells.
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Microcytic-Hypochromic Anemias
- small cells, decreased Hgb
- DO r/t iron metabolism & Hgb breakdown
- *Iron Deficiency Anemia*
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S/S of iron deficiency anemia
- ridged & coarse nails
- bald, fissured tongue
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Cause of secondary polycythemia.
- chronic hypoxia, causing increased EPO
- 1) EPO-secreting tumors
- 2) abnormal Hgb w/ increased affinity for O2
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