Work psychology Chapter 9

  1. communication
    The process by which a person, group, or organization (the sender) transmits some type of information (the message) to another person, group, or organization (the receiver).
  2. encoding
    The process by which an idea is transformed so that it can be transmitted to, and recognized by, a receiver (e.g., a written or spoken message).
  3. channels of communication
    The pathways over which messages are transmitted (e.g., telephone lines, mail, etc.).
  4. decoding
    The process by which a receiver of messages transforms them back into the sender's ideas.
  5. feedback
    Knowledge about the impact of messages on receivers
  6. noise
    Factors capable of distorting the clarity of messages at any point during the communication process.
  7. spam
    Unsolicited commercial e-mail messages.
  8. verbal communication
    The transmission of messages using words, either written or spoken
  9. nonverbal communication
    The transmission of messages without the use of words (e.g., by gestures, the use of space).
  10. verbal media
    Forms of communication involving the use of words (e.g., telephone messages, faxes, books, etc.).
  11. newsletters
    Regularly published internal documents, either hard copy or electronic in nature, describing information of interest to employees regarding an array of business and non-business issues affecting them.
  12. intranet
    A private Web site that can be accessed only by a company's employees.
  13. employee handbook
    A document describing to employees basic information about a company; a general reference regarding a company's background, the nature of its business, and its ru1es.
  14. recruitment ads
    Written documents prepared for the purpose of sharing information about the organization for purposes of soliciting new employees.
  15. media richness theory
    A conceptualization specifying that the effectiveness of any verbal medium depends on the extent to which it is appropriate for ambiguity of the message being sent.
  16. computer-mediated communication
    Forms of communication that are aided by the use of computer technology (e.g., e-mail, instant messaging).
  17. podcast
    A pre-recorded message distributed for playback on an MP3 player, such as Apple's iPod (i.e., an iPod broadcast).
  18. RSS feed
    Information, usually news, delivered to Web sites on a real-time basis, as events occur.
  19. blogs (Web logs)
    Web pages in which people express their personal experiences and feelings; an Internet-based diary.
  20. synchronous communication techniques
    Forms of communication in which the parties can send and receive messages at the same time.
  21. video-mediated communication (VMC)
    Conferences in which people can hear and see each other using computers.
  22. e-mail (electronic mail)
    A system whereby people use personal computer terminals to send and receive messages between one another using the Internet.
  23. information overload
    The feeling of being overwhelmed by more information than one can process
  24. emoticons (emotional icons)
    Symbols typed using characters such as commas, hyphens, and parentheses for purposes of expressing emotions in online communication.
  25. instant messaging
    The practice of communicating with another online by typing messages into boxes that pop up on the screen as needed.
  26. formal communication
    The sharing of messages regarding the official work of the organization.
  27. informal communication
    The sharing of messages that are unrelated to the organization's official activities.
  28. organizational structure
    The formally prescribed pattern of connections between the various units of an organization reflecting, for example, reporting relationships, formal communication channels.
  29. organization chart
    A diagram showing the formal structure of an organization, indicating who is to communicate with whom.
  30. reporting relationships
    Formal connections between people indicating who must answer to whom in an organization.
  31. direct report
    Someone in an organization, a subordinate, who must answer directly to a higher-level individual in that organization.
  32. downward communication
    Communication from people at higher organizational levels to those at lower organizational levels.
  33. MUM effect
    The reluctance to transmit bad news, shown either by not transmitting the message at all, or by delegating the task to someone else.
  34. upward communication
    Communication from people at lower organizational levels to those at higher organizational levels.
  35. IateraI communication
    Communication between individuals at the same organizational level.
  36. strategic communication
    The practice of presenting information about the company to broad, external audiences, such as the press.
  37. informal communication network
    The informal connections between people; the pathways through which they share informal information.
  38. old boys' network
    A gender-segregated informal communication network composed of men with similar backgrounds.
  39. snowball effect
    The tendency for people to share informal information with others with whom they come into contact.
  40. grapevine
    An organization's unofficial channels of communication, through which informal information travels.
  41. rumors
    Information with little basis in fact, often transmitted through informal channels.
  42. pipe dreams
    Types of rumour that express people's wishes.
  43. bogie rumors
    Rumors that are based on people's fears and anxieties.
  44. wedge drivers
    Rumors in which people intentionally say malicious things about someone with the intent of damaging that individual's reputation.
  45. home-stretchers
    Rumors designed to reduce the degree of ambiguity in a situation by telling a story about something before it happens.
  46. jargon
    The specialized language used by a particular group (e.g., people within a profession).
  47. say-do matrix
    A way of differentiating systematically with respect to consistencies and inconsistencies in what people say and what they do.
  48. HURIER model
    The conceptualization that describes effective listening as made up of the following six components: hearing, understanding, remembering, interpreting, evaluating, and responding.
  49. overload
    The condition in which a unit of an organization becomes overburdened with too much incoming information.
  50. gatekeepers
    People responsible for controlling the flow of information to others to keep them from becoming overloaded.
  51. queuing
    Lining up incoming information so it can be managed in an orderly fashion.
  52. suggestion systems
    Formal mechanisms through which employees can present ideas to their companies.
  53. corporate hotlines
    Telephone lines staffed by corporate personnel ready to answer employees' questions, listen to their comments, and the like.
  54. brown bag meetings
    Informal get-togethers over meals in which people discuss what is going on in their companies.
  55. skip-level meetings
    Gatherings of employees with corporate superiors who are more than one level higher than themselves in an organizational hierarchy.
  56. employee surveys
    Questionnaires designed to assess how employees feel about their organizations.
  57. supportive communication
    Any communicatign that is accurate and honest, and that builds and enhances relationships instead of jeopardizing them.
  58. invalidating Ianguage
    Language that arouses negative feelings about one’s self_worth.
  59. validating language
    Language that makes people feel recognized and accepted for who they are.
  60. conjunctive statements
    Statements that keep conversations going by connecting one speaker's remarks to another's.
  61. disjunctive statements
    Statements that are disconnected from a previous statement, tending to bring conversations to a close.
Author
Elli
ID
308981
Card Set
Work psychology Chapter 9
Description
Chapter 9 Communication in Organisations
Updated