Lab Practical 2

phagocytize bacteria, 50-70%

kill parasitic worms; complex role in allergy and asthma, 2-4%

release histamine and other mediators of inflammation; contain heparin, an anticoagulant, less than 1%

mount immune response by direct cell attack or via antibodies, 25% or more

phagocytosis; develop into marcophages in tissues, 3-8%

100 WBCs are counted and classified according to type, and any abnormality of significant elevation in percentages of WBC types may indicate a problem or the source of pathology.

• an acute infection (especially bacterial)
• acute stresseclampsia (complication of pregnancy)
• inflammation (e.g. inflammatory bowel disease or rheumatoid arthritis)
• tissue injury due to traumachronic leukemia

• aplastic anemia (a decrease in the number of blood cells produced by your bone marrow)
• been undergoing chemotherapy treatments
• a severe or widespread bacterial or viral infection

• a chronic bacterial infection
• hepatitis
• multiple myeloma (cancer of the cells in your bone marrow)
• a viral infection (e.g. mononucleosis, mumps, or measles)
• lymphocytic leukemia
• lymphoma (a white blood cell cancer that originates in your lymph nodes)

• bone marrow damage due to chemotherapy or radiation treatments
• HIV, tuberculosis, or hepatitis infection
• leukemia
• a severe infection (e.g. sepsis)
• an autoimmune disorder (e.g. lupus or rheumatoid arthritis)

• a chronic inflammatory disease (e.g. inflammatory bowel disease)
• a parasitic or viral infection
• a bacterial infection in your heart
• a collagen vascular disease (e.g. lupus, vasculitis, or rheumatoid arthritis)
• certain types of leukemia

• an allergic reaction
• a skin inflammation (e.g. eczema or dermatitis)
• a parasitic infection
• an inflammatory disorder (e.g. inflammatory bowel disease or celiac disease)
• certain cancers

intoxication from alcohol or excessive production of cortisol (a steroid produced naturally in the body)

• a serious food allergy
• inflammation
• leukemia

• a severe allergy
• Hyperthyroidism (a condition in which the thyroid gland is overactive)

determines the total number of that cell type per unit volume of blood

an abnormally high WBC count, may indicate bacterial or viral infection, metabolic disease, hemorrhage, or poisoning by drugs or chemicals

a disease in the white cell number beloow 4000/mm3, may indicate typhoid fever, measles, infectious hepatitis or cirrhois, tuberculosis, or excessive antibiotic or X-ray therapy

a malignant disorder of the lymphoid tissues characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal WBCs accompanied by a reduction in the number of RBCs and platelets, is detectable not only by a total WBC count but also by a differential WBC count

an increase in the number of RBCs, may result from bone marrow cancer or from living at high altitudes where less oxygen is available.

a decrease in the number of RBCs, may result from a decrease in RBC number or size or a decreased hemoglobin content of the RBCs

• 1) the cervical region
• 2) The axillary region
• 3) The inguinal region
• 4) The pelvic cavity
• 5) The abdominal cavity
• 6) the thoracic cavity

• tonsils (in pharyngeal region)
• thymus (in thorax; most active during youth)
• spleen (curves around left side of stomach)
• peyer's patches (in intestine)
• appendix