GU Research Mod 8

Used to describe and synthesize data.

Examples of descriptive statistics

A descriptive index from a sample.

Research questions are about parameters, but researchers calculate statistics to estimate them and use _________ to make inferences about the population.

When averages and percentages are calculated from population data, they are called _____.

The lowest leel of measurement.

The level of measurement that involves assigning numbers to classify characteristics into categories.

Examples of variables amenable to nominal measurement.

Level of measurement that involves sorting peope based on their relative ranking on an attribute.

______ measurement captures info about not only equivalence, but also about relative RANK.

A level of meaurement that, for example, uses coding for functional abilities.

_______ measurement occurs when researchers can specify rank ordering on an attribute and can assume equivalent distance b/w them.

The Fahrenheit temp scale is an example of this level of measurement.

In _______ scales, there is no real, rational zero point; ________ scales DO have an absolute zero..

Most psychological and educational tests yield ______ -level data.

A person's weight is measured on a ______ scale.

_________ measures provide info abou the ordering on a critical attribute, the intervals b/w objects, AND the absolute magnitude of the attribute.

Because ratio scales have an absolute zero, all _______ ops are permissable.

Averages are meaningless for which levels of measurement?

Ranking people from lightest wt (1) to heaviest (6) is using a ________ scale.

Using _________ measures you would classify someone's weight as being either heavy (1) or light (2).

_____ and ______ measures usually are discernible, but the distinction b/w _____ and ______measures is more problematic.

A set of data can be described in what three characteristics?

A systematic arrangement of values from lowest to highest, together with a count of the number of times each value was obtained.

The sum of the frequencies must equal the _______.

Graphs for displaying ______ and _______ data include histograms and frequency polygons.

How are histograms and frequency polygons different?

When the longer tail of a frequency polygon points to the RIGHT, the distribution is ________.

When the longer tail of a frequency polygon points to the LEFT, the distribution is ________.

The normal distribution plays a key role in _________ statistics.

The term average is used to designate __________.

The ____ is the most frequently occurring score value in a distribution.

The _____ is used primarily to describe typical values for nominal-level measures.

Mode also means ______.

The _______ is the point in a distribution above which and below which 50% of cases fall.

The median does not take into account the quantitative values of scores; it is an index of the average _______ in a distribution.

Median values are insensitive to _________.

The _______ is often the preferred index of central tendency when a distribution is skewed.

How do scores affect the mean and median?

When researchers wotk with _____ or ______-level measurements, which is usually the statistic reported?

The _____ is the most stable index of central tendency.

The mode is most suitable for _______ measures.

The mode or median is most suitable for _______ measures.

The mean is most suitable for _______ measures.

How spread out or dispersed the data are.

Researchers compute an index of _________ to express the extent to which scores in a distribution differ from one another.

Two commmon indexes of variablity.

The highest score minus the lowest score in a distribution.

Three limitations of range.

With interval- or ratio-level data, the most widely used measure of variability is?

The difference b/w an individual score and the mean.

If a person weighs 150 lbs and the mean was 140, what would the deviation score be for that person?

The value of the standard deviation before a square root has been taken.

A larger SD means what about the sample?

What does the SD tell us?