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Dissolution of the glycocalyx leads to __________.
proteinuria
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Viability of the glomerular endothelial cells requires _________, which comes from the _________.
VEGF; podocytes
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___________ is the hallmark of glomerular disease.
Proteinuria
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What are the 4 components of nephrotic syndrome that may result from glomerular disease?
proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema/ascites, hypercholesterolemia/hyperlipidemia
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What is NOT a criterion for diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome?
azotemia!!
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Gross lesions associated with acute glomerular disease. (3)
swollen, smooth capsular surface, glomeruli may be red
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Gross lesions associated with chronic glomerular disease. (4)
pale, firm, irregular capsular surface, granular cortex on cut surface
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What are the 2 large categories of glomerular disease in animals?
imune complex mediated glomerular nephritis (ICGN), non-ICGN
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What 3 diseases are immune complex-mediated GN?
membranoproliferative GN, membranous GN, mesangioproliferative GN
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What 4 disorders are non-ICGN?
amyloidosis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, podocytopathy, GBM-opathy
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Disorder with immune complexes acting as aggregates of Ag and Ab in glomeruli.
immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis
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What are some examples of glomerular lesions? (5)
hypercellularity (mesangial or endocapillary), mesangial expansion, immune deposits, deposition of fibrils, GBM remodeling
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With membranous GN, immune complexes are on the _________ of the glomerular BM.
abluminal
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With membranous GN, complement is activated ___________ the capillary lumen, resulting in...
away from (b/c IC are in abluminal surface of BM); inflammatory cells are not attracted to tuft and podocytes are damaged.
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Causes of secondary membranous GN. (3)
infections, neoplasia, drugs
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With membranoproliferative GN, there is __________ hypercellularity due to __________.
endocapillary; subendothelial deposits of IC
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3 lesions associated with membranoproliferative GN.
endocapillary hypercellularity, mesangial hypercellularity, glomerular BM remodeling
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Amyloidosis is caused by... (2)
genetic predisposition or chronic inflammation
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Describe the non-genetic pathogenesis of amyloidosis.
chronic inflammation--> increase SAA--> circulates in blood--> trapped in kidney--> fibrils deposited in glomeruli/interstitium
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Focal glomerulosclerosis occurs because of ___________
podocyte injury
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Podocyte injury leads to... (3)
sclerosis, fibrosis, syenchiae (adhesions b/w GBM and Bowman's capsule BM)
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Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is assumed to be due to...
abnormal podocyte genes/proteins.
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Secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is due to... (3)
podocyte injury due to systemic hypertension, obesity, or decreased nephron mass (which causes increase SNGFR).
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What is an example of a glomerular BM-opathy?
Alport's syndrome- mutation in type IV collagen that leads to weaker glomerular BM
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Multifocal embolic nephritis in a foal is caused by septicemia with __________.
Actinobacillus equuili
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