dense connective tissue that attaches bone to bone
A single movement in which nearly flat bone surfaces move back and forth from side to side with respect to one another
gliding
Decrease in angle between articulating bones, usually in sagittal plane
flexion
movement of trunk in frontal plane; bending the trunk (vertebral column) to the side
Lateral flexion
Increases in angle between articulating bones, usually in sagittal plane
extension
extension beyond anatomical position
hyperextension
Movement of bone away from midline (usually in frontal plane)
abduction
movement of body part toward midline (usually in frontal plane)
adduction
Circular movements (combines flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction)
Circumduction
Movement of part around its long axis
rotation
inward rotation
medial (internal) rotation
outward rotation
lateral (external) rotation
rotation of forearm and palm of hand anteriorly or upward
supination
rotation of forearm and palm of hand posteriorly or downward
pronation
movement of body part upward; superior movement of body part
elevation
movement of body part downward; inferior movement of body part
depression
movement of ankle joint so dorsum (superior) of foot become closer to anterior surface of leg (as standing on heels); bending foot in direction of dorsum
dorsiflexion
Movement of ankle joint so the plantar surface of foot becomes closer to the posterior surface of leg (as standing on toes); bending foot in direction of planter surface (sole)
plantar flexion
medial movement of sole of foot at ankle joint
inversion
lateral movement of sole of foot at ankle joint
eversion
anterior movement in the transverse plane
protraction
posterior movement in the transverse plane
retraction
special movements of mandible when grinding food; movement of mandible laterally/medially
excursion; lateral and medial excursion
movement of the thumb to touch another finger of the same hand