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charlietri818
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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What are 3 organisms responsible for CHRONIC cervical lymphadenopathy?
- 1) Bartonella henselae*
- 2) Francisella tularensis*
- 3) Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
- * Associated with cat, tick, rabbit exposures
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What is the treatment chronic cervical lymphadenopathy caused by M avium-intracellulare?
- 1) Complete surgical excision
- *** Pretreated with clarithromycin or azithromycin PLUS ethambutol or rifabutin
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For NICU infants infected with coag-negative staph, what are 3 effective antibiotics?
- 1) Vancomycin
- 2) Rifampin
- 3) Ciprofloxacin
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What is the appropriate intervention for a kid with respiratory symptoms MOST likely due to foreign body aspiration?
Rigid bronchoscopy
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What are 2 diagnostic studies for a kid with respiratory symptoms that MAYBE is due to foreign body aspiration?
- 1) Inspiratory/expiratory CXR
- 2) Chest fluoroscopy
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What is the main electrolyte abnormality from getting a lot of albuterol?
Hypokalemia
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What are 2 medications for genital warts?
- 1) Topical podofilox
- 2) Topical imiquimod
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What the 2 main organ systems affected in patients with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency?
- 1) Lung (emphysema)
- 2) Liver (cirrhosis)
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How does alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency cause cirrhosis?
Accumulation of alpha-1-antitrypsin protein in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes
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How does alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency cause emphysema?
Accumulation of elastase from pulmomary WBC
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Upon receiving the infant at the radiant warmer, what is the FIRST intervention at meconium delivery?
Suction at the mouth and hypopharynx (THEN you can consider laryngoscopy & intubation)
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What is the BEST imaging study for diagnosing SCFE?
Bilateral AP and frog leg radiograph of the hips
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What is the MOST important initial procedure in a patient presenting with progressive weakness?
Forced vital capacity - to establish involvement of respiratory system
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What organism causes human monocytic erlichiosis?
Erlichia chaffeensis
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What organism causes human granulocytic erlichiosis?
Anaplasma phagocytophilia
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What are 2 tick vectors for transmission of HME?
- 1) Wood tick (dermacentor andersoni)
- 2) Lone star tick (amblyomma americanum)
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What is the tick vector for transmission of HGE?
Deer tick (ixodes scapularis)
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What distinguishes HME from other rickettsial diseases (i.e. RMSF)?
- HME & RMSF both have:
- -Thrombocytopenia
- -Hyponatremia
- BUT only HME has:
- -Elevated transaminases
- -Leukopenia
- -Lymphocytopenia
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What is the MOST rapid method for diagnosing GBS infection in a newborn?
Rapid antigen test via latex agglutination (best with CSF)
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What are 3 UTI bugs that reduce nitrate to nitrite?
- 1) Escherichia coli
- 2) Klebsiella pneumoniae
- 3) Proteus sp.
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What are 2 UTI bugs that produce urease and increase urine pH above 8?
- 1) Proteus mirabilis
- 2) Staph saprophyticus
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What are 2 COMMON side effects of inhaled corticosteroids?
- 1) Dysphonia
- 2) Oral candidiasis
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Prior to neurosurgery, what is the medical management of epidural hematoma? (3)
- 1) Oxygenation
- 2) Ventilation
- 3) Perfusion (euvolemic or hypervolemic with hot salt)
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In the setting of increased ICP, when is an appropriate time to use mannitol?
When an ICP monitor (bolt) is in place
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What is the progression of medical therapy for kids with Crohn disease or UC?
- *** Everyone gets steroids
- 1) Start with salicylate (mesalamine)
- 2) Immunomodulators (6-MP, MTX, azathioprine)
- 3) Infliximab
- 4) Tacrolimus or thalidomide
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How is IUGR and SGA related to polycythemia?
Maternal or placental disease reduce O2 delivery to fetus and lead to more EPO made
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What type of bone cyst typically occur in pre-adolescents?
Unicameral (simple) bone cyst
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What type of bone cyst typically occur in adolescents?
Aneurysmal bone cyst
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Where do simple bone cysts typically occur?
Proximal humerus or proximal femur, adjacent to epiphyseal plate
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How are simple bone cysts diagnosed?
Pathologic fracture after minor trauma
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Are simple bone cyst precancerous?
No
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Where do aneurysmal bone cysts typically occur?
Long bones (primarily femur and tibia) and spine
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(T/F) Aneurysmal bone cyst are associated with pain, while unicameral bone cysts are not.
True
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Beside Duchenne and Becker dystophies, what are 2 other hereditary diseases are associated with elevated CK?
- 1) Limb girdle dystophy
- 2) Acid maltase deficiency
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(T/F) Forceful verbal resistance is ineffective in avoiding rape.
False
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(T/F) Most assailants and perpetrators of rape are known to their victims.
True
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What happens to calcium and phosphorus in vitamin D deficiency rickets?
- -Calcium is low from nutritional deficiency
- -Phosphorus is low because of PTH induced diuresis
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What is the lab test of choice for diagnosing Toxoplasma gondii infection?
Serum IgM titiers for T gondii
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What category of bacteria is pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Gram negative bacillus
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What category of bacteria is enterococcus faecalis?
Gram positive cocci
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Which 2 vaccines contain egg?
- 1) Influenza
- 2) Yellow fever
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What component of the MMR vaccine is most likely responsible for anaphylaxis (when it occurs)?
Gelatin component
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What is the formula for estimating UNcuffed ET tube diameter?
(age)/4 + 4
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What is the formula for estimating cuffed ET tube diameter?
(age)/4 + 3
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What is the most important first step after coming in contact with poison ivy?
Washing the toxic plant oils OFF!!!
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What is the most likely diagnosis for a kid with painless rectal bleeding with a drop in hematocrit?
Meckel diverticulum
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What is the most likely diagnosis for a kid with painless rectal bleeding WITHOUT a drop in hematocrit?
Colonic polyp (requires colonoscopy)
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CXR showing: "air bronchograms, diffusely hazy lung fields and low lung volumes" suggest what diagnosis?
Respiratory distress syndrome
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CXR showing: "fluid density in the horizontal fissure, hazy lung fields with central vascular prominence, and normal lung volumes" suggest what diagnosis?
Transient tachypnea of the newborn
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CXR showing: "gas-filled loops of bowel in left hemithorax and opacification of the right lung field" suggest what diagnosis?
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
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CXR showing: "patchy areas of diffuse atelectasis, focal areas of air trapping, and increased lung volumes" suggest what diagnosis?
Meconium aspiration syndrome
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(T/F) Teen drivers are MORE likely to drive after drinking than older drivers.
False - teens generally know that drinking and driving is bad, but when they do drive drunk risk for MVA is higher
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What is the best lab test for diagnosing chlamydia pneumonia?
Nucleic acid amplification test
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Aside from immunosuppression, what are 3 other etiologies for developing candidiasis?
- 1) Repeated course of antibiotics
- 2) Implantation of prosthetic materials (cardiac valves)
- 3) Repeated/chronic IV catheterizations (IVDU, dialysis, TPN)
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