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Stallions go through puberty at ___________ of age, leading to an increase in ___________.
12-24 months; LH pulse frequency and strength
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Stallions reach sexual maturity at ________ of age.
4-5 years
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Does spermatogenesis stop during the non-breeding season?
no, but it is decreased
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What preg rate must a stallion produce to be satisfactory?
60% preg rate in 40 mares
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What is a normal total scrotal width for a stallion?
>80mm
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How d you come about an estimated daily sperm output?
2 collections 1 hour apart; 2nd ejaculation should have ~60% as many sperm as the 1st
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3 ways to determine daily sperm output?
actual (collect daily for 7-10 days), estimated, calculated
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What should you observe during the ejaculate collection? (4)
libido, erection, mounting, and thursting
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What 4 cultures are a necessary part of the stallion BSE?
penis/prepuce, urethral fossa, pre-ejaculation urethra, post-ejaculation urethra
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Pre-ejaculate urethral culture +
Post-ejaculate urethral culture -
Suggestive of....
bacteria is NOT from accessory sex glands, maybe UTI or contamination
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Pre-ejaculate urethral culture -
Post-ejaculate urethral culture +
Suggestive of....
infection of the accessory sex glands
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2 types of sperm motility and what they are.
- total- any sperm moving at all
- progressive- only sperm moving in the forward direction
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>90% sperm with detached heads is almost pathognomonic for __________.
ampullae blockage
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Complaint with ampullae blockage often includes... (2)
fertile stallion that became azoospermic, azoospermia or detached heads
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What is the txt for blockage of ampullae? (3)
massage ampullae per rectum, multiple collection attempts, oxytocin prior to collection
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BSE findings are WNL, 1 billion progressively motile, morphologically normal sperm in second ejaculate.
satisfactory prospective breeder
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Abnormal BSE finding(s) may improve with time; immature stallion, infections.
Questionable prospective breeder
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Abnormality on BSE will not improve with time; congenital abnormalities, chronic testicular degeneration.
unsatisfactory prospective breeder
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