GU Patho Pulmonary

Cellls that secrete IgA into the lumen of the resp tract.

Cells that secrete anti-proteases & bacteriocidal agents as endogenous abx.

Cells that produce mucin, a bicarb-rich protein.

______ cells differentiate in to the surrounding epithelia as needed.

______ cells serve as detox cells and secrete a surfactant-like substance.

Bronchiolar cells contain _______ and ______ enzymes and may be used to digest the viscous mucus produced more proximately in the bronchial tree.

What do type I and type II pneumocytes do?

Surfactant ______ the surface tension in the alveoli.

Expansion in the lungs is partially facilitated by the _________ pressure of the pleural cavity.

Movement of gases is based on _______ within the lung.

An obstruction prevents air from reaching distal airways, therefore absorbing the air present, which is followed by alveolar collapse.

Most common cause of bronchus obstruction.

This form of atelectasis can also occur post and via aspiration of a foreign body, and tumors and enlarged lymph nodes (TB).

Also referred to as passive or relaxation atelectasis.

Accumulation of fluid, blood, or air in the pleural avity mechanically collapses the adjacent lung.

This commonly occurs with pleural effusions assoc w/ HF, pneumothorax, bedridden pts, and ascites.

Local or generalized fibrotic changes in the lung or pleura that hamper expansion and increase elastic recoil during expiration.

Extrinsic asthma is a Type ____ hypersensitivity response triggered by a foreign antigen and develops when?

Most common form of extrinsic asthma.

Why do asthma attacks result in labored inspiration with progressive hyperinflation?

The permanent enlargement of airspaces distal (overinflation) to terminal bronchioles accompanied by destruction of their walls.

Uniform enlargement from the respiratory bronchiole to the terminal alveoli.

Lesions commonly found in upper lung and are assoc with the formation of cyst-like structures with progressive enlargement (bullae).

Bullae (cyst-like structures formed in distal acinar emphysema) can result in ________.

A hallmark of emphysema.

Smoking can complicate matters by increasing _______ and _________ accumulation in the alveoli, setting off the cascade of events starting with NFkB.

Smoking activates _______ activity, which is not inhibited by A1AT and digests it too.

What is A1AT?

What is one differentiation b/w chronic bronchitis and emphysema?

Blue bloater describes what? Why?

Pink puffer describes what? Why?

Prolonged collapse of the lung can lead to infection and therefore subsequent ______.

How does alcohol increase the risk of aspiration with pneumonia?

Patchy distribution of inflammation that getnerally involves more than one lobe, infection of the bronchi and bronchioles with extension into the adjacent alveoli.

Type of pneumonia in which airspaces of part of all of a lobe are homogenously filled with an exudate that can be visualized on radiographs as consolidation.

Community-acquired acute pneumonias are generally _______ in nature and tend to follow a __________.

Abrupt onset, high fever, shaking, chills, pleuritic chest pain, productive mucopurulent cough, and sometimes hemoptysis.

________ are important for dx of acute pneumonia.  Why?

The TB pathogen commonly causes ________ via ________.

What is the genetic predisposition that allows for proliferation of the mycobacteria (that causes TB) within the macrophage?

S/S of TB within first 3 weeks of exposure.

What follows TB infection?

What accompanies T-cell mediated hypersensitivity after exposure to TB?

Primary TB often resembles what?

What often results with primary TB?

Where is secondary TB localized?

Four main s/s of TB.