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Influenza A viruses infect __(2)__; they are a source of __________ and all ___________.
birds and humans (and other species); seasonal influenza; pandemics
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Influenza B viruses infect _________.
humans only
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Influenza C viruses infect __(2)__ and do not cause _________.
humans and pigs; pandemics (usually mild disease)
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Influenza A is a ________ virus that is _________.
-ssRNS; enveloped
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Minor antigenic changes over time due to point mutations.
antigenic drift
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Major antigenic changes due to genomic reassortment.
antigenic shift
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Pandemic influenza occurs when a new strain of influenza emerges where: (2)
there is little or no immunity in the human pop, the virus is able to spread efficiently from person-to-person
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What is the primary reservoir for influenza A virus?
wild birds
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What are the 2 recognized forms of influenza A viruses that infect domestic birds?
high-pathogenicity avian influenza, low-path avian influenza
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Contrast high-path and low-path avian influenza.
high-path causes severe disease and nearly 100% mortality, low-path causes decreased egg production or mild upper respiratory disease without death
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Influenza A viruses cause outbreaks of _________ in swine herds with ________ mortality.
respiratory disease; low
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Influenza A virus causes _________ disease in equines with _______ mortality.
respiratory; low
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Symptoms of influenza virus in humans. (8)
fever, cough, sore throat, stuffy nose, body aches, irritated eyes, headaches, fatigue
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Modes of transmission of influenza virus.
droplets** from coughs and sneezes (large droplets that don't suspend in air or travel very far), direct/indirect contact with infected fluids/contaminated surfaces, airborne (small droplets that suspend in air)
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How is influenza transmitted b/w birds and humans?
direct handling of an infected bird, slaughtering, de-feathering, butchering, or preparing diseased birds, +/- ingesting undercooked meat
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How do you prevent influenza infection? (3)
hand washing, don't eat/smoke/touch face in animal areas, shower/change clothes before leaving animal areas
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Why does swine-to-human transmission sometimes go unrecognoized?
signs and symptoms of closely resemble those of human seasonal influenza
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