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ECCammi
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Adolescence
The period of development that begins with the onset of sexual maturity (11-14) and ends at the beginning of adulthood (18-21)
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Puberty
The bodily changes associated with sexual maturity
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Primary sex characteristics
Bodily structures that are directly involved in reproduction
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Secondary sex characteristics
Bodily structures that change dramatically with sexual maturity but that are not directly involved in reproduction
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How does the brain change at puberty?
- The temporal and parental connections that were growing rapidly slow down.
- Prefrontal cortex ends synaptic proliferation and begins synaptic pruning
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How has the onset of puberty changed over the last century?
- Increased body fat=earlier puberty
- Some toxins mimic estrogen which can trigger earlier development in girls
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Are adolescent problems inevitable?
- No, hormones don't have as much affect as people think
- They are more likely to do stupid things but not as drastically as its often thought
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What makes adolescents especially difficult?
- Peer pressure/acceptance
- Unrealistic expectations/goals/demands
- Unwanted attention
- Sexual exploration/homosexuality
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Is sexual orientation a matter of nature or nurture?
It is not a matter of nurture but we still don't know exactly what it is. Is seems to be partially biological
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Why do adolescents make unwise choices about sex?
They often don't have the education they need or don't get that education in time and go exploring without any guidance
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How do family and peer relationships change during adolescence?
Adolescents try to create their own identity and lean more on their peers to develop it than their parents.
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What makes adolescence more distinct from other developmental stages?
Rapid growth spurt/maturing of sex organs
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Despite the fact that adolescence is occurring earlier than ever before
The age of entrance to adulthood is occurring later than ever before
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As adolescents seek to develop their adult identities
They seek increased autonomy from their parents and become more peer oriented, forming single sex cliques followed by mixed sex cliques and finally pairing off as couples
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Sexual activity typically
Follows a script, many aspects of which are standard across cultures.
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Adulthood
The stage of development that begins around 18-21 and ends with death
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How do informational goals change in adulthood?
Socioemotional theory: the older you get the less interested you are in new/useful information and the more interested you are in emotionally satisfying information.
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Is late adulthood a happy or unhappy time for most people?
A happy time, people are more focused on sustaining positive emotions and focus less on things that make them unhappy
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What does research say about marriage and children and happiness?
- Marriage: Could be that it makes you happy or that happy people are more prone to do it
- Children: Decrease in happiness of the parents as its a baby, which slowly grows back to where it was beforehand as the child matures and finally moves out
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Older adults show declines in what cognitive tasks?
- Working memory
- Episodic memory
- Retrieval tasks
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