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adverse effects
general term for any undesirable effects that are a direct response to one or more drugs
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agonist
dru that binds to and stimulates the activity of one or ore receptors in the body
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allergic reaction
an immuonologic hypersensitivity reaction resulting form the unsual sensitivity of a patient to a particular medications; a type of adverse drug event
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antagonist
drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more receptors in the body. also called inhibitors
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chemical name
the name that describes the chemical composition and molecular structure of a drug
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contraindications
any condition, especially one related to a disease state or patient characteristic, including current or recent drug therapy, that renders a particular form of treatment improper or undesirable
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dissolution
the process by which solid forms of drugs disintegrate in the GI tract and become soluable before eing absorbed into the circulation
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drug
any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism
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first pass effect
the initial metabolism int he liver ofa drug absorbed form the GI tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the bloodstream
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generic name
name given to a drug by US adopted names council. Also called the nonproprietary name. The generic name is much shorter and simpler than the chemical name and is not protected by a trademark.
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half-life
in pharmacokinetics, the time required for half of an administered dose of drug to be eliminated by the body, or the time it takes for the blood level of a drug to be reduced by 50%
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pharmaceutics
science of preparing and dispensing drugs including dosage form design
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pharmacodynamics
the study of the biochemical and physiologic interactions of drugs at their sites of activity. it examines the physicochemical properties of drugs and their pharmacologic interactions with body receptors.
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pharmacokinetics
the study fo what happens to a dug form the time it is put into the body until the parent drug and all metabolites have left the body. Represents the drug absorption into, distribution and metabolism within, and excretion from the body.
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pharmacology
broadest term for the study or science of drugs
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therapeutic effect
the desired or intended effect of a particular medication
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therapeutic index
the ratio between toxic and therapeutic concentrations of a drug
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toxicity
the condition of producing adverse bodily effects due to poisonous qualities
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trade name
commeical name given to a dug product by its manufacturer; also called proprietary name
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pharmacotherapeutics
the treatment of pathologic conditions through the use of drugs.
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distribution
refers to the transport of a drug by the blood-stream to its site of action.
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excretion
the elimination of drugs from the body. whether they are parent compounds or active or inactive metabolites, drugs eventually must be removed from the body.
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over the counter drugs OTC
drugs available to consumers without a prescription. also called nonprescription drugs.
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placebo
an inactive substance that is not a drug but is formulated to resemble a drug for research purposes.
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alternative medicine
herbal medicine, chiropractice, acupuncture, massage, reflexology, and any other therapies traditionally not emphasized in western medical schools but popular with may patients.
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herbal medicine
the practice of using herbs to heal
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