-
__% to __% of the population has an intellectual disability
1% to 3%
-
___% of the population has an IQ in the mild category
85%
-
Integrating children with intellectual disability into regular classrooms whenever possible
Mainstreaming in Schools
-
Functional Impairment of Intellectual Disability
(3)
- Mainstreaming in Schools
- Supported Employment
- Sheltered Workshop
-
Etiology of Intellectual Disability
Biological
(2)
- Down Syndrome
- Fragile X Syndrome
-
Genetic form of an intellectual disability caused by presence of 3 chromosomes rather than the usual 2 on the 21st pair
Down Syndrome
-
Most common inherited cause of intellectual disability occurs when DNA makes too many copies of itself
Fragile X Syndrome
-
Etiology of Intellectual Disability
Environmental
(3)
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
- Prenatal Influences
- Postnatal Factors
-
Results from drinking alcohol during pregnancy and leading known preventable environemtal cause of intellectual disability
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
-
Toxins and infections in utero, premature birth,, hypoxia, and malnutrition
Prenatal Influences
-
Malnutrition, bacterial, and viral infections, lead exposure, social factors such as lower SES, lower environmental stimulation, and maternal education
Postnatal Factors
-
Conditions involving academic achievement blow expectations for age, years in school, and IQ score
Specific Learning Disorders
-
Reading scores lower than expected for child’s age
- Dyslexia
- Diminished ability to understand mathematical terms
- Dyscalculia
-
Disorder of written expression
Dysgraphia
-
__% to __% of school-aged children suffer from a learning disability
5% to 10%
-
About how many school-aged children suffer from a learning disability?
4 Million Children
-
Focuses on phonological processing and fluent reading
Treatment of Dyslexia
-
Arithmetic drills and memorization
Treatment of Dyscalculia
-
Progress from simple writing tasks to more challenging writing tasks
Treatment for Dysgraphia
-
Occurs in a educational setting
Treatment of a Specific Learning Disorder
-
Serious impairments in reciprocal social interaction and communication. Presence of restrictive and repetitive behavior, interests, and activities, which includes intense preoccupation with a particular interest
Autism Spectrum Disorder
-
Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder is __ out of every ___ children
1 out of every 152 children
-
Autism Spectrum Disorder is more common in boys or girls?
Boys
-
What is the onset age of Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Before the age of 3
-
Why the rise in rates of Autism?
(2)
- Children were never given a 2nd diagnosis
- Diagnostic criteria has changed
-
Mothers in the 1950’s and 1960’s who were emotionally unresponsive to their infants
Refrigerator Mothers
-
Positive reinforcement and shaping. Applied behavior analysis (ABA)
Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder – Behavioral Interventions
-
Aversive Procedures
Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder – For Self Injury
-
Are not found to be effective for social or communication deficits
Atypical antipsychotics help manage aggressive behavior and self-injury
Stimulants that reduce hyperactivity
Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder – Medication
-
Childhood disorder characterized by inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
-
When is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder diagnosed?
Early Elementary School
-
Doesn’t have the cognitive abilities to formulate a goal, plan a series of action to carry out a goal, or maintain plan in working memory
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder’s deficit in executive functioning
-
Behavioral Treatment of ADHD
(3)
- Parenting training
- Classroom modification
- Social Skills Training
-
Medication Treatment of ADHD
Stimulants enhance dopamine and norepinephrine while decreasing symptoms
-
Continuous and repeated pattern of violating the basic rights of others or breaking societal rules with aggression toward people or animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious rule violations
Conduct Disorder
-
Negative, hostile, or defiant behaviors that are less severe than those with conduct disorder
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
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