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littleg.ward
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What is genetics?
The study of the science of heredity.
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Who is the monk who is considered the father of genetics?
Gregor Mendel
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What does Psalm 139:13 say?
"For you created my inmost being; you knit me together in my mother's womb."
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According to Jeremiah 29:11, God has a _______ for your life.
plan
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How many chromosomes in human cells?
Human gametes?
46 chromosomes
23 gametes
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What are gametes?
Sex cells
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Know your chromosome structure:
-sister chromosomes
-centromere
-duplicated and unduplicated chromosome
See drawings
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What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?
Asexual - one parent provides all genetic material and produces exact replica
Sexual - two parents provide genetic material that combines and forms a unique being
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What are the 4 phases of mitosis and what happens in each?
- Prophase - appear
- Metaphase - middle
- Anaphase - away
- Telophase - two identical cells
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What is the cell cycle?
The cycle of the cell from "birth" until it reproduces itself
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What happens in interphase?
DNA is duplicated
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What part of interphase is the DNA replicated?
S2
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What does the blue chickens from a black chicken and a white chicken show?
That the blue gene was recessive in both parents.
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What does a Punnet square show?
The possible genetic combinations.
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What is it when two alleles are the same?
Different?
Homozygous
Heterozygous
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What is a karyotype?
Recognize what it looks like.
Display of the 46 chromosomes in the cells of an individual.
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What chromosomes determine gender?
What pair are they?
Sex chromosomes (X & Y)
Female: XX Male: XY
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What is the end result of mitosis? (cells)
Meiosis? (cells)
Two diploid daughter cells.
Four haploid daughter cells
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Mendel used cross pollination and it is still used today. How does the method of cross-pollination work?
Sperm from the pollen of one flower fertilizes the eggs in the flower of a different plant.
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What are homologous chromosomes?
Two chromosomes of each matching pair, one from mom and one from dad.
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What is crossing over?
What phase does it occur in?
Occurs when there is an exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
Occurs in Prophase 1.
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What is genetic recombination?
Crossing over that produces a new combination of genetic information from different parents.
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What law is when two alleles separate into gametes?
Law of Segregation
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Dd is heterozygous or homozygous?
Heterozygous
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A recessive allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter?
Lowercase letter
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What are the 3 major reasons cell divide?
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What type of tumor is cancerous?
Malignant
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Be able to give the definition of cancer and what happens to the DNA at the cellular level.
When cells divide and grow out of control/ the DNA mutates
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What are 3 known causes of cancer?
- Radiation
- Bacteria/viruses
- Chemicals
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What does metastasize mean?
How does this happen from the start of one cancer cell?
To spread.
Blood vessels form to bring nutrients to the cancer cell, then it can break off and spread by way of the bloodstream.
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How is height determined?
Polygenic inheritance and nutrition.
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How many alleles for blood type?
What are the blood types?
Three, but each person has only two.
A, B, AB, O
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What is codominance?
When a heterozygous gene expresses BOTH alleles
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What do you call any gene located on the sex (gender) chromosomes?
Sex-linked genes
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Be able to do Punnett square problems.
Be able to do a dihybrid cross for sure.
Punnett Squares on Notes from class
Especially a dihybrid cross.
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