4200 exam 3 final review

primarily funded by tax dollars, managed by government employees

: World Health Organization

U.S. department of Health and Human services

: state health department

Local Health department

obtain funding by variety of sources (united way, fees for services, donations, governmental funding) e.g. **American Red Cross

: operate free from governmental interference; funding sources: private donations, membership fees. categorized as voluntary, philanthropic, service, religious, and professional agencies

Most visible (American cancer society, **American heart association, American lung association, alzheimers association and first candle) PURPOSE: fund research, provide education, provide service, advocate for beneficial policies, laws, and regulations

• provide important funding of programs and research on a cariety of health issues (ford foundation, Robert wood Johnson foundation, and Rockefeller foundation). PURPOSE: altruistic concern for human welfare and advancement. do not raise money, finance long term projects
• ** endowment

Often involved in health education/promotion related projects; these may include drug education programs, wellness efforts, and variety of other services (rotary international, lions, **Shriners, and American legion)

common mission is to **promote the high standards of professional practice for their respective profession. PURPOSE: advocates for the profession, provides publication of journals and newsletters, provides opportunities for professional meetings, provides membership perks, is funded by membership dues

American Public Health Association (APHA) 1872, 50,000+ members

Society for public health education, Inc. (SOPHE)

• Exist to help the many different organizations speak with a single voice on current issue.
• **Purposes:  Strengthen communication among members, develop implement and evaluate share vision strategic plan, educate policy makers, collaborate on common issues, increase visibility for health education and members of org.

• **a combination of individual and social actions designed to gain: political commitment, policy support, social acceptance, systems for a particular health goal or program
• ** expand the resource base for: behavioral and social science research, programs and practice, preparation health educators, employment workforce

primary, secondary, tiertiary, popular press publications

refereed or peer reviewed journals; some now in electronic format known as open access journals; legislative records, **minutes of meeting

written by someone who was not present or did not participate as part of the study team e.g. journal **review articles, editorials, non-eyewitness accounts

information that has been distilled and collected from primary and secondary sources; includes facts **e.g. handbooks, pamphlets, fact books, dictionaries

Written for the general public’s consumption; may include primary or secondary sources; hard to check credibility e.g. weekly summary type magazines, monthly magazines, tabloids

introduction, methods, results, discussion

• brief description of the study; communicates essential information
• short **(150-200 word) includes purpose, study questions, methods and one or two major findings

includes research questions/hypotheses, literature review, need

includes research design, participants of study, instrumentation, and administrative procedures

research findings

interpret conclusions and meanings, and comment on implications

• were the goals/aims of study defined in a **clear manner
• were the research questions/hypotheses **clearly stated
• was the description of the participants **clear, did the author state how the participants were recruited
• were the data collection instruments described
• were reliability and validity reported for the instruments
• did the results directly address the research question/hypotheses
• were the conclusions reasonable in light of the research design and data analyses performed
• were the study implications meaningful to the population you serve

longer than abstract (2-3 pages) review includes all that is found in an abstract; in addition summaries reveal any secondary findings, to describe study limitations, and to provide a more detailed review of the researchers conclusions and recommendations from the viewpoint of the summary’s author

• currency – the timeliness of the information relevance – the importance of the information for your needs
• authority – the source of the information accuracy – the reliability, truthfulness and correctness of the content
• purpose – the reason the information exists

• greatest change will occur in the **Hispanic and asian/pacific islander groups.
• One place where more diverse populace is in public schools.
• **U.S. pop will become older; reasons- Americans live longer, couples have fewer children, baby boomers nearing retirement

**technology: improved quality of life (new delivery methods, tailored communications, GIS Tracking

• family structure will continue to change – traditional family less common
• political climate: frustration with politics and politicians various views (conservative (less big govt), moderate, liberal (more big govt), health and politics linked;
• more macrolevel practice.
• advocacy more important
• medical care establishment
• affordable care act:
• consumers need to be involved in decision making

• mission will be help people be more analytical thinkers,
• a greater emphasis will be placed on values clarification,
• health education specialists must use technology,
• education at the community level will be the focus of most health interventions,
• HES need long term not short term thinking

collaborative relationships, innovativeness curiousness adventure and truth seeking

places emphasis on the acquisition of skills means to assess whether or not a person has met entry-level competencies NCHEC

• may allow for reimbursement for health education services provided in a medical care setting
• certification process establishes a national standard for individual health education practitioners
• assist employers in identifying competent specialists

• school setting
• worksite setting
• public (community health) setting
• Clinical or health care setting
• alternative settings
• macro level versus microlevel

expanding all the time – programs for employees and family, health care costs can be controlled through health promotion

: greatest variety of options; they are consistently involved in planning implementing and evaluating population level interventions

growing; increased receptivity HES make a difference in patient care; preventive services are lacking b/c of no time, patient education a required practice

teaching postsecondary institutions, combine journalism and health education, foreign country practice, work with aging population

assume a macrolevel approach to health problems; so move from a position of assisting behavior change one person at a time to **community-based interventions. need knowledge of political process.

not easy to use as a resource; many unaware it exists, lack of progress or slow progress in achieving objectives, HP 2020 needs to be web accessible and searchable

• **Provide measurable objectives and goals
• Eliminate preventable disease disability **(emphasize everyone can benefit and also include hazard prepardness), injury and premature death;
• achieve health equity,
• eliminate disparities and improve the health of all groups;
• create social and physical environments that promote good health for all **(ecological approach);
• promote healthy development and healthy behaviors across **every stage of life.

• access to health services,
• clinical preventive services,
• environmental quality,
• injury and violence,
• maternal, infant and child health care, mental health,
• nutrition physical activity and obesity,
• oral health,
• reproductive and sexual health,
• social determinants,
• substance abuse,
• tobacco

schools, college/university campus, companies, health care settings, community organizations and government agencies

• Assess individual and community needs
• Plan, develop, coordinate, implement, manage, evaluate health education programs write grants
• build coalitions
• identify resources
• make referrals
• develop social marketing and mass media campaigns
• organize/mobilize communities for action handle controversial health issues/content advocate for health related issues
• use a variety of education/training methods develop audio, visual, print and electronic materials
• conduct research
• write scholarly articles

Social marketing

AAHPERD

• ** development of strategies to improve health knowledge, attitudes, skills and behaviors
• **the effort to positively influence the health behavior of individuals and communities
• **A social science that draws from many sectors and seeks to facilitate voluntary behavior change