Space Chapter 7

An object that exists in space. i.e. Moon, Sun, Planets

A scientist that studies astronomy and space

The time it takes for an object to orbit another object

• The turning of an object around an imaginary axis
• Earth's rotation around it's axis is 24h

A group of stars that make a distinct image or pattern. i.e. Orion

The distance it takes for light to travel in a year. 9.5 x 10^12

The brightness of a star as seen on Earth.

• A small group of stars inside constellations that form patters.
• It is not a constellation but instead inside of it.

• The two stars on the Big Dipper which when followed lead to the North Star or Polaris
• 

• They are constellations that can be seen all year
• This is due to them being situated on the Earth's poles

It is the constellation that you would see when you look straight up

• It is the rising and falling of ocean water due to the Moon's Gravitational Pull
• 

• The monthly change of the Moon appearance.
• Caused by different portions of the moon that is lit by the sun

• When a full Moon is covered by the Earth's Shadow when passing though it
• The moon is in the umbra portion of the Earth. 
• This phenomenon is completely safe to watch
• 

• When the shadow of the moon falls on the Earth's surface
• When a new moon is blocking the sun 
• The sun's UV radiation can still leak out around the edges and is more dangerous than staring at the sun
• 

• The reason why we have season is because the earth is on a 23.5 degree tilt. 
• In the summer the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun and in the Winter it's the opposite.
• Because of the tilt sunlight hits the Earth at different angles. Areas with a larger angle receive more sunlight for longer periods of time.
• Places near the equator are warmer because the light is more concentrated when it is head on.
• 
• The winter solstice is the shortest day and longest night and June 22 is the longest day and the shortest nigh

• An object that orbits around a star, spherical, and does not share an orbit with another.
• The inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. They are then seperated by an asteroid field. Then the outer planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

• A group of planets that circle around one or more stars
• 

• The movement of an object usually a planet that goes west to east  instead of it's usual east to west.
• This is generally caused when Earth is passing that planet in it's orbit.
• 

• The average distance from the sun to Earth
• 150 x 10^6

The average distance between the Sun and an object orbiting around it.

A model of the Solar System where the Earth is in the center and all the planets orbit around it in perfect circles

The model where all the planets orbit around the sun

• An object composed of rocky material, ice and gas. 
• It comes from the Kuiper Belt or Oort Cloud
• When it gets close to the sun the

Any object in space whether a speck of dust or a 500km wide rock

A piece of rock moving through space

A meteoroid that entered the Earth's atmosphere and burned up.

A meteoroid big enough to enter the Earth's atmosphere and reach ground without be burned up completely

Covered in craters, close in size to the moon, no atmosphere so extreme temperature differences.

shrouded in thick clouds, sister planet to earth, acid rain(sulfuric), nitrogen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, hotter than mercury because atmosphere traps heat

has life, has water in three phases, water covers nearly 3/4 of surface, nitrogen oxygen and water vapor in atmosphere

Iron makes surface red, tall volcano (3x Mont Everest, 900 km/h winds, 2 polar ice caps,thin atmosphere, carbon dioxide.

largest planet, Great Red Spot is a giant storm in clouds, thin ice rings, helium and hydrogen, shortest day.

rings made of ice particles that range in size, hydrogen and helium.

methane in atmosphere gives blue/green colour, helium and hydrogen, rotation on its side, 4th biggest.

Thin ice rings, hydrogen and helium, outermost planet, 3rd biggest.

• Any object that orbits the sun outside of Jupiter
• i.e. Kuiper's Belt, Oort Cloud, Pluto...