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Mawad
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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What are the big categories of topical therapies? (4)
keratoseborrheic disorders, infectious dermatitis, allergic dermatitis, otitis externa
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What are clinical signs of keratinization disorders? (3)
scaling(dandruff), oiliness/odor, recurrent infections
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What products are commonly used to combat keratinization disorders?
keratolytic, keratoplastic, antiseborrheic
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How do keratolytic products work?
help remove excess scale either by increasing desquamation or by reducing intercellular cohesion
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How to keratoplastic products work?
regulate skin cell proliferation (cytostatic effect on basal cells), reducing their rate of division
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What are antiseborrheic products useful for?
reduce sebum, degreasing
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What active ingredients are useful for treating keratinization disorders? (5)
- sulphur
- salicylic acid
- benzoyl peroxide
- selenium sulfide
- ceramides/fatty acids
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What is sulphur useful for? What is its mechanism?
keratinization disorders; keratolytic, keratoplastic (not good for oiliness)
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What is salicylic acid useful for? What is its mechanism?
keratinization disorders; keratolytic, often used with sulfur
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What is benzoyl peroxide useful for? What is its mechanism?
keratinization disorders, bacterial infections; keratolytic, follicular flushing, degreasing, antibacterial
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What is selenium sulfide useful for? What is its mechanism?
keratinization disorders; keratolytic, keratoplastic, degreasing
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What is ceramides/fatty acids useful for? What is its mechanism?
keratinization disorders, allergies; restructure stratum corneum, control sebum production, control microbial flora, moisturizer
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What is chlorhexidine useful for? What is its mechanism?
bacterial infections, fungal infections; broad spectrum antimicrobial, antifungal, fungistatic against Malassezia
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What concentration of chlorhexidine should be used if it is the sole active ingredient?
3%
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What is Nisin useful for? What is its mechanism?
bacterial infections; antimicrobial- binds to lipid precursor and disrupts cell membrane production [useful for animal that have reaction to chlorhexidine]
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What is ethyl lactate 10% useful for? What is its mechanism?
bacterial infections; antibacterial- hydrolyzed in skin to ethanol and lactic acid, lowering skin pH
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What is silver sulfadiazine useful for? What is its mechanism?
bacterial infections; antimicrobial- acts on cell membrane to inhibit protein synthesis
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What is Mupirocin useful for? What is its mechanism?
bacterial infections- only use in cases of resistant infection- MRSA; antimicrobial- inhibits cell wall formation
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What are the 3 major active ingredients in combating yeast infections (dermatophytosis and Malassezia)? How do they work?
Miconazole, Climbazole, Ketoconazole- inhibit synthesis of ergosterol (component of fungal cell membrane)
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What is lime sulphur useful for?
antifungal, antibacterial, antiparasitic (superficial mites)
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What is pramoxine 1% useful for?
mild inflammation/itchiness due to allergies
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What is oatmeal shampoo useful for?
mild inflammation/itchiness due to allergies
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What are the 3 levels of topical steroids? What is a drug in each level?
- low potency- hydrocortisone
- intermediate potency- prednisolone, triamcinolone, dexamethasone
- high potency- betamethasone, flucinolone
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What is a key point for using topical steroids?
not for long term use, except hydrocortisone (only use 2 a week at most); if must start with high potency, switch to lower potency after 2 weeks
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