GY 105 Chapter 3 Vocab

industrially produced sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere that damage forests, poison lakes, and kill fish

coniferous evergreen forest

how well its different locations became linked with one another through improved transportation and communications networks

process in which immigrants were absorbed by the larger host society

culturally distinctive settlement in a well-defined geographic area, and its ethnicity has survived over time, stamping the landscape with an enduring personality

suburban node of activity that features a mix of peripheral retailing, industrial parks, office complexes, and entertainment facilities

people with a common background and history identify with one another, often as a minority group within a larger society

nation allocate considerable political power to units of government beneath the national level

the difference in parity or equity between males and females in a specific social or cultural context. A term often used to describe gender differences in salary, working conditions, or political power

displacement of lower-income residents of central-city neighborhoods by higher-income residents, the improvement of deteriorated inner-city landscapes, and the construction of shopping complexes, sports and entertainment attractions, and convention centers in selected downtown locations

a collection of economically powerful countries (US, Canada, Japan, Germany, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Russia) that regularly meets for discussions on key global economic and political issues

varied influences that explain why an economic activity is located where it is

A large urban region formed as multiple cities grow and merge with one another. The term is often applied to the string of cities in eastern North America that includes Washington, DC; Baltimore; Philadelphia; New York City; and Boston

an urban design movement stressing higher density, mixed-use, pedestrian-scaled neighborhoods where residents can walk to work, school and entertainment

people leave large cities and move to smaller towns and rural areas

An agreement made in 1994 between Canada, the United States, and Mexico that established a 15-year-plan for reducing all barriers to trade among the three countries

a business practice that transfers portions of a company’s production and service activities to lower cost settings, often located overseas

human geographies are shaped by modern technology, innovative information services, and a popular culture that dominates both North America and the world beyond

an extensive area of grassland in North America. In the more humid eastern portions, grasses are usually longer than in the drier western areas, which are in the rain shadow of the Rocky Mountain range

an energy source such as hydroelectric, solar, wind, and geothermal that is known for its enduring availability and its potentially lower environmental costs

evolution of a nation’s labor force from one dependent on the primary sector to one with more employment in the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

a hybrid combination of English and Spanish

where organic farming principles, a limited use of chemicals, and an integrated plan of crop and livestock management combine to offer both producers and consumers environmentally friendly alternatives

mixture of low shrubs, grasses, and flowering herbs that grow briefly in the short growing seasons of the high latitudes

power is centralized at the national level

metropolitan areas sprawl in all directions and suburbs take on many of the characteristics of traditional downtowns

for built-up cities in which development associated with cities often produces nighttime temperatures some 9 to 14oF warmer than those of nearby rural areas

dedicated to reducing global trade barriers