The flashcards below were created by user
roadcrush
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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Matter
anything that occupies space and has mass
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Mass
the amount of matter in an object
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Weight
the gravitational force acting on an object of given mass
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Atom
smallest particle of an element that has a chemical characteristics of that element
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Element
the simplest type of matter with unique chemical properties; composed of atoms of only one kind
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Compound
the simplest type of matter composed of atoms of different kind
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Neutrons
no electrical charge
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Protons
one positive charge
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Electrons
one negative charge
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Nucleus
formed by protons and neutrons
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Atomic Number
equal to number of protons in each atom, which is equal to the number of electrons
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Mass Number
number of protons plus number of neutrons
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Isotopes
two or more forms of same element with the same number of protons and electrons but different neutron number
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Chemical bonds
occurs when outermost (valence) electrons of the cloud are transferred and/or shared between atoms
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Ionic bond
non-shared bond complete transfer. taken by the octet rule ex. sodium chloride
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Non-polar covalent bond
an equal sharing of (valence) electrons between two atoms ex. methane gas
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Polar covalent bond
an UN-equal sharing of electrons between two atoms ex. water
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Hydrogen bond
bond found between water molecules ex. water molecule
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Energy: capacity to do work
- Potential Energy: energy stored
- Kinetic Energy: moving
- Heat Energy: release energy
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Enzymactic
a reaction that requires enzymes
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Enzymes
- biological catalyst that increases a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy without being consumed in the final product
- [belongs to protein]
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Human Physiological pH
- 7.35-7.45
- Less than 7.35
- Greater than 7.45
- Physiological: Normal
- Pathological: Disease
- Acid
- Base
- Buffer
- Human physiological pH
- Acidosis
- Alkalosis
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Nucleic acids
nucleotides nuceloACID
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Proteins
amino acids (20). the only difference is the "side chains".
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Lipids
- triglycerides
- [steroids belongs to lipids]
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Carbohydrates
monosaccharides
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Organic Chemistry
- Carbohydrates: monosaccharides
- Lipids: triglycerides
- Proteins: amino acids (20)
- Nucleic Acids: nucleotides
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Proteins
20 amino acids. The only difference is the "side chains".
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Quaternary structure
hemoglobin is a quaternary structure
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Tertiary structure
combined sheet and helix structures
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Secondary structure
sheet and helix structures
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Primary structure
the linear sequence of the amino acid is the primary structure
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Structures of protein
- Primary structure: the linear sequence of the amino acid is the primary structure
- Secondary structure: sheet and helix structures
- Tertiary structure: combined sheet and helix structures
- Quaternary structure: hemoglobin is a quaternary structure
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Translation
RNA-->Protein
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DNA
- Deoxyribonucleic acid
- DNA
- C=G
- A=T
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RNA
- Ribonucleic acid
- RNA:
- C=G
- A=U
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Hemoglobin
is a quaternary structure
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