Microbiology 351 Exam 1 Flashcards - Set 4

Name the bond type: Sharing of electrons

Name the bond type: Electrostatic attraction between anion and cation

Name the bond type: Electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen bonded to a nitrogen or oxygen and a second nitrogen or oxygen

Name the bond type: Electrostatic attraction between temporary, shifting electron clouds

Fill in the words for the labeled arrows.

Most bacteria share fundamental traits:
- ____, _____ outer envelope
- _____ genome
- ______ coordinated cell functions

_____, like bacteria, are prokaryotes.

Archaea have _____ membrane and envelope structures.

Name the part in the bacterial cell:
- consists of a gel-like network
- highly structured, like a web

Name the part in the bacterial cell:
- encloses the cytoplasm
- protects cell
- homeostasis

Name the part in the bacterial cell:
- covers the cell membrane

Name the part in the bacterial cell:
- non-membrane-bound area of the cytoplasm that contains the chromosome in the form of looped coils

Name the part in the bacterial cell:
- external helical filament whose rotary motor propels the cells

Techniques to break up cells that allow subcellular parts to remain intact.

Cell fractionation techniques include: (Name 4)

A key tool of subcellular fractionation is the:

An approach that is complementary to cell fractionation is _____ ______.

In genetic analysis, mutant strains might be selected for:

In genetic analysis, a selected strain may be _____ ______ as to lose or alter a gene.

In genetic analysis, a selected strain may be constructed with "_____ ____" fused to a gene encoding a protein of interest.

Name 5 common chemical components that all cells share:

The structure that defines the existence of a cell is the ____ ______.

Membrane proteins serve numerous functions, including:
a) Structural _____
b) _______ of environmental signals
c) Secretion of _____ factors and ______ signals
d) ____ transport and _____ storage

Membrane proteins have ______ and _____ regions that lock the protein in the membrane

Membrane have approximately equal parts of ______ and _____.

A ______ consists of glycerol with ester links to two fatty acids and a phosphoryl head group. It may have a side chain.

The two layers of phospholipids in the bilayer are called:

Double bonds in the phosolipid side chains make the membrane more _____.

Membranes also include ____ molecules that fill gaps between hydrocarbon chains.

In eukaryotic membranes, the reinforcing agents are sterols, such as:

In bacterial membranes, the reinforcing agents are:

Archaea membranes have _____ links between glycerol and fatty acids.

Archaea membrane hydrocarbon chains are brached:

Small uncharged molecules, such as O₂ and CO₂ easily permeate the membrane by ____.

Water tends to diffuse across the membrane in a process called _____.

Weak ____ and weak ____ exist partly in an uncharged form that can diffuse across the membrane and change the pH of the cell.

Polar molecules and charged molecules require transport through specific protein ______.

Name the type of transport: molecules move along their concentration gradient

Name the type of transport: molecules move against their concentration gradient

Which of the following statements about the size of microbes is FALSE?
A) Eukaryotic microbes tend to have a size of 10-100 μm
B) Prokaryotic microbes tend to have a size that is less than 10 μm
C) A few bacterial species are large enough to be seen by the unaided eye
D) Choose this answer if all the above are true.

You are observing a bacterium using a 10X ocular lens and a 45X objective lens. What would the total magnification be?
A) 450X
B) 145X
C) 45X
D) 10X
E) Need more information

In fluorescence microscopy, the specimen absorbs light and then re-emits it at a _____ energy and thus, a _____ wavelength.
A) lower; shorter
B) lower; longer
C) higher; shorter
D) higher; longer

Bacterial phospholipids are _____ linked, while those of archaea contain _____ linkages.