Antidotes

  1. Aspirin
    • Sodium bicarb
    • Administer until urine pH is 7.5-8.0

    • Remember
    • Aspirin overdose causes metabolic acidosis & pulmonary edema
  2. Acetaminophen
    • Acetylcysteine aka N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
    • Brand Name is Mucomyst

    It is most effective when given within 8 hours of ingesting

    Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain

    Assess for liver damage
  3. Non-specific poisons
    Activated Charocoal

    • NOT for Use In...
    • Cyanide
    • Iron
    • Lithium
    • Caustics
    • Alcohol
  4. Iron Poisoning
    Deferoxamine

    A chelating (binds to metal ions) agent used to remove excess iron from the body
  5. Fluoride Overdose

    Drinking mouthwash
    Ingesting roach powder, glass etching cream
    Calcium Salts
  6. Acute Lead Poisoning
    Not a true antidote, chelation therapy

    • Dimercapol
    • Edetate Calcium
    • Disodium
  7. Extrapyramidal (EPS) Symptoms
    Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

    Caused from anti-psychotics
  8. Benzodiazepine
    Flumazenil

    • A benzodiazepine receptor antagonist
    • Given IM or IV
    • Only one on the market
  9. Ethylene glycol poisoning
    Fomepizole (along with hemodialysis)

    Ethanol (stated by Wikipedia)
  10. Beta Blocker & Calcium Channel Blocker Overdose
    Glucagon

    Stimulates cAMP synthesis independent of the beta-adrenergic receptor

    Has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects
  11. Cyanide Poisoning
    Hydroxocobalamin

    It is the natural form of vitamin B12

    Displaces the hydroxo ligand forming a stable cyanocobalamin
  12. Magnesium Toxicity
    Calcium Gluconate

    • S&S
    • Loss of deep tendon reflexes
    • Loss of patellar reflexes
    • Decreased level LOC & Somnolence
    • Visual changes
    • Flushing
    • Muscle paralysis
    • Pulmonary edema.
  13. Opiods
    Naloxone (Narcan)
  14. Anticholinergic Toxicity
    Neostigmine

    A cholinesterase inhibitor

    Used for myasthenia gravis to improve muscle tone
  15. Warfarin
    Phytomenadione aka Vitamin K
  16. Heparin
    Protamine Sulfate

    Administer via infusion SLOWLY

    • PTT should be monitored
    • 5–15 minutes after dose
    • 2–8 hours afterward
  17. Terbutaline
    • Terbutaline is a bronchodilator
    • There is no specific antidote but a cardio selective beta blocker like propranolol can be used.
    • Remember this runs the risk of bronchospasm

    • Terbutaline is given to stop / delay contractions of labor
    • Used for preterm mothers
    • Desired response is uterine relaxation

    • Side Effects
    • Elevated glucose levels tachycardia in mom
    • Hypoglycemia in baby

    • Keep mother on her left side during infusion
    • This enhances circulation to baby
    • Prevents hypotension in mother

    Watch for pulmonary edema & fetal distress
  18. Treats Methotrexate Toxicity
    Leucovorin

    A Chemotherapy toxicity reducer
Author
AngelGoosie
ID
320941
Card Set
Antidotes
Description
Antidotes to Common Drugs for NCLEX
Updated