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Active exercise
Independently moves joints through their full range of motion
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Ankylosis
fixation or immobilization of a joint
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Atrophy
decrease in the size of a body structure
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Cartilage
Is hard nonvascular connective tissue found in joints as well as in nose, ear, thorax, trachea, and larynx
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Contractures
permanent contraction of a muscle
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Dangling
position in which the person sits on the edge of the bed with legs and feet dangling over the side of the bed
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Exercise
active exertion of muscles involving the contraction and relaxation of muscle groups
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Flaccidity
decreased muscle tone; synonym for hypotonicity
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Footdrop
complication resulting from extended plantar flexion
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Isokinetic exercise
Involves muscle contractions with resistance
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Isometric exercise
exercise in which muscle tension occurs without a significant change in muscle length
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Isotonic exercise
- Involves muscle shortening and active movement
- (2) exercise in which muscles shorten (contract) and move
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Ligaments
tough fibrous bands that bind joints together and connect bones and cartilage
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Negative nitrogen balance
condition resulting in muscle wasting and decreased physical energy for movement and work (eg, anorexia nervosa and certain cancers)
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Neurons
Conduct impulses from one part of the body to another
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Orthopedics
the correction or prevention of disorders of body structures used in locomotion
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Osteoporosis
condition characterized by loss of calcium from bone tissue
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Paralysis
The absence of strength secondary to nervous impairment
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Paresis
impaired muscle strength or weakness
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Passive exercise
manual or mechanical means of moving the joints, when the patient is uable to move independently and the nurse moves each joint through its range of motion
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Range of motion
complete extent of movement of which a joint is normally capable
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Spasticity
increased muscle tone that interferes with movement, is also caused by neurologic impairments
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Tendons
strong, flexible, inelastic fibrous bands that attach muscle to bone
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Tonus
The term used to describe the state of slight contraction-the usual state of skeletal muscles
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