Adolescence chapters 1,2,3

  1. What are the five ways in which adolescents think differently than children?
    • 1.  Adolescents are better able than children to think about what is possible, instead of limiting their thought to what is real (think more efficiently)
    • 2. Adolescents are better able than children to think about abstract things (think abstractly)
    • 3. Adolescents think more often than children about the process of thinking itself (think about thinking)
    • 4. Adolescents thinking, compared to children’s, is more often multidimensional, rather than limited to a single issue (think about multiple dimensions, multiple perspectives)
    • 5. Adolescents are more likely than children to see things as relative, rather than as absolute
  2. What is deductive reasoning?
    a type of logical reasoning in which one draws logically necessary conclusions from a general set of premises, or givens
  3. what is hypothetical reasoning?
    if then thinking, able to plan ahead
  4. What are the two manifestations of egocentrism?
    • 1. Imaginary audience- the belief, often brought on by the heightened self-consciousness of early adolescence, that everyone is watching and evaluating one’s behavior
    • 2. Personal Fable- an adolescents belief that he or she is unique and therefore not subject to the rules that govern other people’s behavior
  5. What is an example of multidimensional thinking?
    Piaget's Cognitive-development view
  6. What are the four stages of cognitive development?
    • 1. Sensorimotor (birth-2)
    • 2. Preoperational (2-5)
    • 3. Concrete (6-early adolescence)
    • 4. Formal (early adolescence through adulthood)
  7. What is the sensorimotor?
    • birth-2 
    • Development involves coordination sensory and motor activities
  8. What is preoperational?
    • 2-5
    • Capable of representing the world symbolically (ex. language)
  9. What is concrete?
    • 6-early adolescence
    • More adept at using mental operations, leads to a more advanced understanding of the world
  10. What is formal?
    • early adolescence through adulthood
    • Can reason about more complex tasks and problems involving multiple variables
  11. What are 8 criticisms of formal operational thinking?
    • 1. Horizontal decalage
    • 2. Emergent vs. consolidated reasoning
    • 3. Individual differences
    • 4. Adult Performance
    • 5. Measure scientific reasoning
    • 6. role of training
    • 7. Culture
    • 8. Competence-performance
  12. What is horizontal decalage?
    • People don’t always perform at the same stage, sometimes your performance is tied to the problem, Piaget thinks people perform at the same stage when that is not always true
    • Think of the stage as a whole, no matter the problem
  13. What is a stage?
    structured whole
  14. What is conservation?
    that the amount of something doesn't change
  15. What is emergent vs. consolidation reasoning?
    • Piaget's way to get out of horizontal decalage
    • Emergent when it first starts to show and consolidated when it is already there
  16. What is role training?
    Training matters, education, experience with the problem matters
  17. What is competence-performance?
    People reason at a higher level than they can perform
  18. The 5 ways in which information processing changes
    • 1. Attention
    • 2. Memory
    • 3. Speed
    • 4. Organization
    • 5. Metacognition
  19. What are the 2 changes in attention?
    • 1. Selective attention
    • 2. Divided attention
  20. What is selective attention?
    - the process by which we focus on one stimulus while tuning out another
  21. what is divided attention?
    • the process of paying attention to two or more stimuli at the same time
    • It means that adolescents are able to concentrate and stay focused on complicated tasks such as, reading and comprehension more than children
    • Improvement is likely linked to maturation of the brain system
  22. What are the changes in memory?
    • 1. working memory
    • 2. long term memory
    • 3. autobiographical memory
  23. What is working memory?
    • the aspect of memory in which information is held for a short time while a problem is being solved
    • Lasts for like 30 seconds
  24. What is long-term memory?
    being able to recall something from a long time ago
  25. What is an autobiographical memory?
    the recall of personally meaningful past events
Author
gabby12142
ID
324373
Card Set
Adolescence chapters 1,2,3
Description
biological, cognitive, social
Updated