reaction in which the product distributions is determined by the relative energies of the products.
Kinetic control
reaction in which the product distribution is determined by the heights of the different transition states leading to products
Hammond Postulate
states the transition state for a reaction will more closely resemble the higher energy molecule (i.e. the products for an endothermic reaction and the reactants for an exothermic reaction)
Equilibrium constant
difference in energy between the starting materials and the products
Enthalpy
heat of reaction or measure of the bond energy changes in a reaction
entropy
measure of the change in order between the starting materials and products
exergonic
reaction where products are more stable than reactants
endergonic
reaction where reactants are more stable then products
Le Chateliers principle
states that a system at equilibrium responds to stress in a way to relieve the stress
1st order reaction
reaction rate depends solely on the concentration of one species
2nd Order reaction
reaction rate depends on the concentration of two species
Pseudo 1st order reaction
reaction where the concentration of one of the reactants does not change during the reaction
microscopic reversibility
states that if the mechanism of the forward reaction is known, then the mechanism of the reverse reaction must also be known
Syn elimination
elimination where the dihedral angle between C-L and C-H is 0°
Anti elimination
elimination where the dihedral angle between C-L and C-H is 180°
regiochemistry
outcome of a reaction where more than one orientation of substituents is possible in the product
hoffmann
less stable alkene
saytszeff
more stable alkene
3 seperation techniques
crystallization, distillation, chromatography
4 structural determination methods
NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, Mass spectrometry, UV/vis spectroscopy